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Fiber Optic probes in Medicine

Fiber Optic probes in Medicine. Presented by Sarojini Ramakrishnan Email: sr63@buffalo.edu. Overview. What is Endoscopy? The Endoscope The Rigid Endoscope The Flexible Endoscope Major Players Cost Research References. 1/17. What is Endoscopy?. Minimally invasive surgical procedure

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Fiber Optic probes in Medicine

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  1. Fiber Optic probes in Medicine Presented by Sarojini Ramakrishnan Email: sr63@buffalo.edu

  2. Overview • What is Endoscopy? • The Endoscope • The Rigid Endoscope • The Flexible Endoscope • Major Players • Cost • Research • References 1/17

  3. What is Endoscopy? • Minimally invasive surgical procedure • “Keyhole” or “seamless” surgery • Allows surgeons to peer into the body and examine organs in situ • Also widely used as a diagnostic procedure

  4. Caught in the act??

  5. The View

  6. The Endoscope • Uses fiber optics and powerful lens systems • Illuminates and provides a view of the interior of joints • Rigid or Flexible • Different variations for viewing different organs

  7. The Rigid Endoscope

  8. The Rigid Endoscope • Objective Lens • Rod Lens • Ocular Lens • Light Fibers • Light Source • Camera for imaging (optional)

  9. Rod Lenses

  10. Endoscope to Video • Micro-camera attached to eyepiece and image viewed on a monitor • Uses Charge-Coupled Devices (CCD) - Capture and store image data - 2D array of individual elements that can store an electric charge - can respond to as high as 70% of the incident light

  11. Charge-Coupled Device

  12. Light Sources • Tungsten filament lamp • halogen reflector lamp - optimal use of light • Rare-earth xenon lamp - high intensity light - true color display (xenon daylight effect)

  13. The Flexible Endoscope • Bending radius of approx. 15mm • Two fiber optic cables - one is a light conduit (incoherent) - second is used for image transmission (coherent) • Image fiber - image resolution of approx. 10.000 pixels per square mm.

  14. Major Players • Olympus • Pentax • Fujinon • Stryker

  15. Cost • Endoscopy accounts for 25% of all surgery conducted in developed countries • Endoscopes - anywhere between $700 for a used endoscope upto $10,000 for a new endoscope • Light Sources - $250 to $4000 • Video Endoscopy system - above $8000

  16. Research Avenues • Surgical imaging systems that can simulate the optimal path for the surgeon (inside the brain for neurosurgery, for example) • Spectroscopy • Endoscopes with image processing capabilities

  17. References • imaginis.com/endoscopy/ • Rigid Endoscopes - members.aol.com/EndoNews/art1.html - www.surgical-optics.com/N_RTerms.html - www.nsgamerica.com/products.cfm - www.awi-industries.com/rodLens.html - www.endoscopy.com/vet/video.htm - www.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCD • Light Sources - http://www.meditronic.com/products/endoscopy/light.html - www.vet.uga.edu/mis/Exotics/Exotics_Equipment/ exotics_equipment.html

  18. References Contd. • Flexible Endoscope - http://www.healthlibrary.com/reading/yod/current/fibre.htm - http://www.corexcel.com/courses2/body.flexible.endoscopes.page2.htm • Coherent Fiber Optic Bundle - http://cord.org/step_online/st1-7/st17eiv.htm - www.roperscientific.de/teffo.html • Market situation - www.1800Endoscope.com - http://www.mindbranch.com/catalog/product.jsp?code=R469-0002

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