The Kimberley Process

1. The Kimberley Process Justin Cooper Rachel Gerber Evan Gordon

2. Thesis Conflict diamonds demonstrated a transnational problem that states and IGOs could not solve themselves. The Kimberley Process would have never come about without pressure from both NGOs, such as Global Witness, and later the diamond industry itself.

3. What are conflict diamonds? • "...diamonds that originate from areas controlled by forces or factions opposed to legitimate and internationally recognized governments, and are used to fund military action in opposition to those governments, or in contravention of the decisions of the Security Council” (World Diamond Council, 2008).

4. History of Conflict • Conflict Diamonds, or “Blood Diamonds” • Illegally traded to fund wars • Origins of Conflict: • Angola • Sierra Leone • Democratic Republic of the Congo • Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

5. National Geographic Clip • http://youtube.com/watch?v=Avv6tF6biI0

6. Emergence of Kimberley • Need for regulation • NGOs & UN meet in 2000

7. Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) • Required certificate • Who can trade? • Internal controls

8. Role of Global Witness • 1998 campaign – published report • Exposed conflict diamonds • “A Rough Trade” • Issue becomes international concern • Catalyst to Kimberley Process • Boomerang Theory

9. DeBeers' Reaction • Major player in diamond exchange • World Diamond Council • System of warranties • Why?

10. IR Theories • Global Witness • Transnationalism/Constructivism • De Beers • Liberalism & Transnationalism

11. Effectiveness of Kimberley • Congo removed from scheme • European Commission Report • Amnesty International’s view • Question of self-regulation

12. How to Increase Effectiveness • Strengthen government controls • Increased government oversight • Publish statistics • Finance

13. Any Questions?

14. Works Cited (2007, January 23). Blood Diamonds Are Still a Reality. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from Amnesty International Web site: http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/feature-stories/blood- diamonds-are-still-reality-20070123 (2008). The De Beers Diamond Policy. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from De Beers Web site: http://www.debeers.com/page/diamondpolicy Combating Conflict Diamonds. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from Global Witness Web site http://www.globalwitness.org/pages/en/the_ kimberley_process.html  From Conflict Diamonds to Prosperity Diamonds. Retrieved February 10, 2008, from Kimberly Diamonds Web site: http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/background/index_en.html

15. Works Cited (2) International Peacekeeping, Vol. 11, No.4, Winter 2004, pp.697-708 Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. (1998) Activists Beyond Borders.Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithica: €Cornell University Press Wallis, Annie (2005). Data Mining: Lessons from the Kimberley Process for the United Nations' Development of Human Rights Norms for Transnational Corporations. Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights, 4, Retrieved February 10, 2008, from http://www.law.northwestern.edu/journals/jihr/v4n2/5/ World Diamond Council, (2008). Eliminating Conflict Diamonds. Retrieved February 22, 2008, from http://www.diamondfacts.org/conflict/ eliminating_conflict_diamonds.html