Measurement and Testing

1. Out line Measurement and Testing Is hardness quantity measurement or testing ? • Measurement • Quantity • System of quantity • Base quantity • Derived quantity • Ordinal quantity • Measurement standard • Testing • Traceability

2. VIM Definition Measurement • Process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values that can reasonably be attributed to a quantity • กระบวนการของการทดลองเพื่อให้ได้มาซึ่งค่าของปริมาณ (Quantity) หนึ่งค่าหรือมากกว่า ซึ่งค่าที่ได้เป็นลักษณะของปริมาณนั้นอย่างสมเหตุสมผล

3. Measurement Quantity Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Media: table Method:? Operator:? Environment: ? Tools: measuring tape Quantity: length Value of quantity: 90 unit of quantity: cm

4. VIM Definition • property of a phenomenon, body, or substance, to which a number can be assigned withrespect to a reference • คุณสมบัติของปรากฎการณ์, ร่างกาย หรือสสาร ซึ่งสามารถถูกกำหนดด้วยตัวเลขที่สัมพันธ์กับค่าอ้างอิง Quantity

5. characteristic Measurement Quantity -Number -Reference Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity

6. VIM Definition International System of Quantities ISQ • System of quantities based on the seven base quantities length, mass, time, electriccurrent, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity • ระบบปริมาณอยู่บนพื้นฐานของเจ็ด base quantities (ปริมาณพื้นฐาน) ประกอบด้วย ปริมาณความยาว, เวลา, กระแสไฟฟ้า, อุณหภูมิ, จำนวนสสาร และความเข้มแสง

7. VIM Definition System of quantity • set of quantities together with a set of non-contradictory equations relating those quantities • NOTE — Ordinal quantities, such as Rockwell C hardness, are usually not considered to be part of a system of quantities because they are related to other quantities through empirical relations only.

8. VIM Definition System of quantity Base quantity • quantity in a conventionally chosen subset of a given system of quantities, where no subset quantity can be expressed in terms of the others • ปริมาณหนึ่งที่ถูกเลือกในชุดย่อยของระบบปริมาณ ซึ่งไม่สามารถถูกอธิบายด้วยปริมาณย่อยอื่นๆ ได้ International System of Quantities ISQ system of quantities based on the seven base quantities: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity

9. VIM Definition System of quantity Derived quantity • quantity, in a system of quantities, defined in terms of its base quantities EXAMPLE • In a system of quantities having the base quantities length and mass, mass density is a derivedquantity defined as the quotient of mass and volume (length to the third power). • ปริมาณในระบบปริมาณ ที่ถูกนิยามอยู่ในเทอมของปริมาณพื้นฐานอีกที

10. VIM Definition System of quantity Ordinal quantity • quantity, defined by a conventional measurement procedure, for which a total orderingrelation can be established, according to magnitude, with other quantities of the same kind is defined, but forwhich no algebraic operations among those quantities exist • ปริมาณซึ่งถูกนิยามโดยขั้นตอนดำเนินการวัดที่เป็นที่ยอมรับ ซึ่งถูกนิยามจากลำดับความสัมพันธ์ของขนาดของปริมาณจำพวกเดียวกัน แต่ไม่สามารถอธิบายหรือนิยามการทำพีชคณิตของปริมาณเหล่านี้ได้ EXAMPLES a) Rockwell C hardness b) octane number for petroleum fuel c) earthquake strength on the Richter scale X ¸ + -

11. characteristic Measurement Quantity -Number -Reference Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Measurement Standard Sameas Media : measuring instrument What different they are? What is a reference ?

12. VIM Definition Measurement standard • realization of the definition of a given quantity, with stated quantity value andmeasurement uncertainty, used as a reference • การทำให้เป็นจริงจากนิยามของปริมาณ ด้วยการรายงานค่าของปริมาณและความไม่แน่นอนของผลการวัด และถูกใช้เป็นค่าอ้างอิง EXAMPLES a) 1 kg mass standard b) 100 . standard resistor c) caesium frequency standard d) standard hydrogen electrode e) set of reference solutions of cortisol in human serum having certified concentrations and measurement uncertainties of cortisol f) reference material providing certified values with measurement uncertainties for the mass concentration of each of ten different proteins

13. Measurement standard Measurement standard • International measurement standard • National measurement standard • Primary measurement standard • Secondary measurement standard • Reference measurement standard • Working measurement standard

14. VIM Definition International measurement standard measurement standard recognized by signatories to an international agreement and intended to serve worldwide EXAMPLES a) international prototype of the kilogram b) chorionic gonadotropin, World Health Organization (WHO) 4th International Standard 1999, 75/589, 650 International Units per ampoule c) VSMOW2 (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for differential stable isotope amount ratio measurements

15. VIM Definition national measurement standard measurement standard recognized by national authority to serve in the country

16. VIM Definition Primary measurement standard primary standard measurement standard whose quantity value and measurement uncertainty are established using a primary measurement procedure EXAMPLES a) Primary measurement standard of amount-of-substance concentration prepared by dissolving a known amount of substance of a chemical component to a known volume of solution. b) Primary measurement standard for pressure based on separate measurements of force and area. c) Primary measurement standard for isotope amount-of-substance ratio measurements, prepared by mixing known amount- of -substance of specified isotopes.

17. VIM Definition Secondary measurement standard secondary standard measurement standard whose quantity value and measurement uncertainty are assigned through calibration with respect to a primary measurement standard for a quantity of the same kind NOTES 1— The relation may be obtained directly between the primary measurement standard and the secondary measurement standard, or involve an intermediate measuring system calibrated by the primary measurement standard and assigning a measurement result to the secondarymeasurement standard. 2— A measurement standard having its quantity value assigned by a ratio primary measurement procedure is a secondary measurement standard.

18. VIM Definition Reference measurement standard reference standard measurement standard designated for the calibration of working measurement standards for quantities of a given kind in a given organization or at a given location working measurement standard working standard measurement standard that is used routinely to calibrate or verify measuring instruments or measuring systems NOTES 1— A working measurement standard is usually calibrated with respect to a reference measurement standard. 2— Other terms are “check standard” or “control standard”.

19. When we suspect the measurement results • Method? • Environment? • Operator? • Measuring instrument?

20. operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication (VIM 2008) การดำเนินการภายใต้เงื่อนไขที่ระบุ, ในขั้นแรก, หาความความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างค่าของปริมาณที่มากับความไม่แน่นอนของการวัดซึ่งได้จาก มาตรฐานการวัด กับ ค่าบ่งชี้ที่มากับความไม่แน่นอนของการวัดที่เกี่ยวข้อง (จากเครื่องมือวัดที่ถูกสอบเทียบ) ในขั้นตอนที่สอง,ให้ใช้ข้อมูลนี้เพื่อสร้างความสัมพันธ์ให้ได้รับผลการวัดที่ได้จากตัวบ่งชี้ (เครื่องมือวัดที่ถูกสอบเทียบ) Calibration 20

21. characteristic Measurement Quantity -Number -Reference Media : Test pieces Specimen Product ……. Experiment process Tools: measuring instrument Method : ?? Operator: ?? Environment: ?? Value (in number) of Quantity Measurement Standard Sameas Media : measuring instrument Calibration Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty

22. VIM Definition Metrological traceability • property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a stated reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty • Conclusion to ensure that the quantity values are the same for whoever,wherever and whenever the measurement takes place

23. Value of quantity Quantity Reference Standard working standard Secondary Standard National Standard Media : measuring instrument Media : measuring instrument Media : measuring instrument Media : measuring instrument Comparison Comparison Comparison Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Relation Deviation Error ± Uncertainty Traceability of measurement Calibration Calibration Calibration

24. Test A technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics or performance of a given product, materials, equipment, organism, physical phenomenon, process or service according to a specified procedure. (ISO/IEC Guide 24 - 12.1, amended)

26. Example of testing quantity • What different between test and measurement are? • What about hardness quantity?

27. Rockwell Hardness Machine Force standard Length standard Mass standard Time standard Standard block Traceability The Equipment for maintain Hardness

28. Direct verification of Rockwell hardness primary machine Traceability

29. Direct verification of Vickers hardness primary machine Traceability

30. Traceability International Definition International Comparison International Level National Level Direct verification Calibration Lab. Level Direct verification Direct verification Direct verification Industrial level Direct verification Direct verification Product