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Port Klang

Port Klang. Initial Risk Assessment. Presentation for ENVM 8012. Contents. Develop Analysis Plan Risk assessment Retrospective Prospective Socioeconomic drivers assessment Data gaps Uncertainties & Recommendations. Develop Analysis Plan.

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Port Klang

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  1. Port Klang Initial Risk Assessment Presentation for ENVM 8012

  2. Contents • Develop Analysis Plan • Risk assessment • Retrospective • Prospective • Socioeconomic drivers assessment • Data gaps • Uncertainties & Recommendations

  3. Develop Analysis Plan WHOM - This project was initially organized by GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Program on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management of the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). PEMSEA building up partners with governments, agencies and sectors to strengthen environmental management capacity GEF: The Global Environment Facility UNDP: United Nations Development Programme IMO: International Maritime Organization

  4. Develop Analysis Plan HOW – Conduct Initial Risk Assessment with collaboration with several government departments. WHY – economic growth contaminants

  5. Develop Analysis Plan WHERE - Port Klang located at Malaysia. The Project area cover 1,485 km2 with population of 742,837 in the year 2000 which was approx. 500 people per km2. The coastlines for both Klang and Kuala Langat are 53.75 km and 48 km respectively. BBC (2005), http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/ newsid_4140000/newsid_4149300/4149317.stm

  6. Develop Analysis Plan WHAT – to determine the effects of factors derived from human activities on human and ecological targets in the Port Klang area. Specifically, 6 objectives: • To evaluate the impacts of various pollutants; • To identify activities that contribute to pollution; • To identify gaps and uncertainties; • To make recommendations; • To identify agencies and institutions in the long-term management, • To identify priority concerns to be addressed under risk management.

  7. Develop Analysis Plan 2 methodologies can be used to protecting the environmental and human health • Hazard Based Approach • Risk Based Approach Hazard Based Approach => Risk Based Approach 2 risk assessments approach were used in this project, • Retrospective Risk Assessment, and • Prospective Risk Assessment

  8. 2. Risk Assessment Data in this presentation are from ‘Port Klang Integrated Coastal Management National Demonstration Project’, Selangor Waters Management Authority, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia. 2005

  9. Problem Formulation Ecological Risk Assessment • An ecological risk assessment starts with the formulation of the problem. • Activities included in this stage are the definition of the nature of the problem.

  10. Problem Formulation

  11. 3. Retrospective Assessment

  12. 3. Retrospective Analysis • 4 Aspects: • Fisheries • Aquaculture • Mangroves • Wildlife • Sources of Data • Various studies • Reports • Projects

  13. 3. Retrospective Analysis for Fisheries

  14. 3. Retrospective Analysis for Aquaculture

  15. 3. Retrospective Analysis for Mangroves

  16. 3. Retrospective Analysis for Wildlife

  17. 3. Retrospective Analysis for Wildlife

  18. 3. Retrospective Risk Assessment • Cannot establish the relationship between changes in fisheries and increased fishing intensity • Change in aquaculture productionbecause of better technology, control of water contamination • Decline in mangrove cover because of degazettment and reclamation • Decline in mammals, birds and freshwater fish due to loss or degradation of habitats and pollution

  19. 4. Prospective Risk Assessment

  20. Prospective Risk Assessment Management action required! RQ < 1  Low Risk  RQ ≧ 1  High Risk 

  21. Case Study – Water Column 5 Coastal Areas in Klang - Pantai Morib - Kuala Langat at Jugra - Kuala Langat - Kuala Klang - Selat Klang Utara

  22. 5. Risk and Socio-economic Drivers

  23. Assessment of Socioeconomic Drivers

  24. Assessment of Socioeconomic Drivers

  25. Assessment of Socioeconomic Drivers

  26. 6. Data Gaps

  27. Data Gaps • More appropriate indicators • More comprehensive and quantitative assessment of biodiversity • Information for the impacts on living aquatic resources • Data on nutrients in coastal water, oil and grease in river water, coliform in seafood • heavy metals in sediment and biota, and pesticides and organotins in all media

  28. Data Gaps (cont’d) • Data on oil fraction from petrogenic and biogenic sources • Standards for marine water quality are not very protective • Linkage between food and water-borne diseases to potential contamination of aquatic food products from pathogens and chemical compounds • Linkage between particular socio-economic activities to the identified priority environment concerns

  29. 7. Uncertainties & Recommendations

  30. Uncertainties • RQ approach is not suitable for dealing with some risks • No model was used to help to understand the risk • Detailed assessment is needed to distinguish between localised and coastal wide conditions • Suitability of the PNECs being used • Application of quantitative uncertainty analyses

  31. Recommendations • On socio-economic drivers: further assessments on waste management, industrial development, agriculture and land use • On Ecological and Human Health Risks: • Prioritize contaminants for risk management • Prioritize the management of sewage discharge • Control for discharges of untreated wastes in the coastal area starting from the catchments • Conduct systematic monitoring on exposure to contaminants of the seafood • Collect the data on heavy metals, pesticides and TBT in water column, sediment and seafood in the coastal areas

  32. Recommendations • On the river systems: • Need assessment for oil and grease • Risk assessment and management for the river systems • Relating the sources of risk to specific activities • Formulate risk reduction measures • On the whole water system: • Apply the RQ approach to carry out a more detailed risk assessment of the rivers and coastal waters in Selangor • Review of the standard of PNECs used

  33. Recommendations On resources and habitats: • Fisheries • Use of CPUE, stock density, demersal biomass and change in catch composition to monitor and assessment • Estimate the MSY (maximum sustainable yield) and to determine the current condition • Evaluate the management framework

  34. Recommendations On resources and habitats: • Aquaculture • Evaluate, minimize and control the current impacts • Develop environment-friendly practices • Designate aquaculture zone • Collect data for better assessment and management

  35. Recommendations On resources and habitats: • Mangroves • To assess the economic value and the effects of reduction or degradation of mangrove ecosystems • Evaluate the degazettement of some portions of the forest reserves • Use benefits and costs approach to evaluate reclamation and mangrove conversion • Promote mangrove reforestation • Strengthen the law enforcement

  36. Recommendations On resources and habitats: • Widlife Verify the reported decline in species and the cause-effect relationships • On Air Quality • Detailed assessment to identify the significant contributor to the pollution • To develop and implement control of emissions

  37. Recommendations Recommended research areas: • Hydrodynamics study to study the sediment load • To determine the level of impacts at pollution hotspots • Toxicology study for seafood • Poverty, industrial development and their linkages to environmental management

  38. Recommendations Need to develop action plans for: • Integrated land- and water-use Zoning • Environmental investment such as clean technologies, waste management facilities • Integrated Environmental Monitoring Programme for a scientific basis management • Collaboration and Institutional Arrangements with NGOs, Univerities etc. for development and implementation of risk management strategies

  39. Furthermore -holistic approach -use of biomaker -consider the dynamic nature of the ecosystem

  40. The END. Thank You. Q & A

  41. References • BBC News (2005) http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4140000/newsid_4149300/4149317.stm

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