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This study presents preliminary results of emissions testing in the laboratory and on the road for a Euro 6 diesel vehicle, including gaseous emissions and CO2 emissions. The study also explores the impact of factors such as engine load, catalyst temperatures, and road characteristics on on-road NOX emissions. The results highlight the substantial reduction in NOX emissions with Euro 6 vehicles, the influence of low temperatures on NOX emissions, and the elevated emissions on certain driving routes. Next steps include analyzing the emissions of the RDE-LDV cycle and validating PEMS against laboratory equipment.
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Emissions testing in the laboratory and on the road: Preliminary results for one Euro 6 diesel vehicle Pierre Bonnel Martin Weiss Joint Research Centre (JRC) IES - Institute for Energy and Transport Ispra – Italy
Laboratory emissions testing NEDC and Artemis cycles On-road emissions testing with PEMS Outline
Euro 6 diesel (4 cylinder, 1968 ccm; 105 kW, 155 g CO2/km) SCR Start-stop function Automatic transmission (normal, semi-automatic, sportive drive modes) Air conditioning Test vehicle
Test program + additional tests will be conducted in September
Test routes Route 1: rural and motorway driving Route 2: rural and urban driving Route 3: rural and sever uphill-downhill driving with an elevation difference of 800 m Route 4: motorway; representing high-speed driving at speeds of up to 130 km/h
Test equipment Source: Sensors inc. • Emissions measured from cold start, including cranking • Use of standard commercial fuels • Weight and size of PEMS equipment acceptable but not negligible (250 kg; including second driver, batteries and accessories) • Power supply: the use of batteries restricts the test durations to roughly 2 hours
Laboratory emissions testing NEDC and Artemis cycles – Gaseous emissions
Laboratory emissions testing • Random RDE-LDV cycles – CO2 emissions
On-road emissions testing • Average on-road emissions [g/km] - Overview
On-road emissions testing • Average on-road NOX emissions expressed as Conformity Factor
On-road emissions testing • Averaging window NOX emissions as Conformity Factor
On-road emissions testing • Statistical analysis of the averaging window NOX emissions
On-road emissions testing • Statistical analysis of the averaging window NOX emissions • Cumulative CO2 mass equivalent to type approval, i.e., 1.7 kg • Distance of the NEDC, i.e., 11.007 km • Time of the NEDC, i.e., 1180 s
Substantial reduction in NOX emissions NEDC emissions are below the Euro 6 emission limit Low temperatures substantially increase NOX emissions On-road NOX emissions in range of the Euro 5 emissions limit Emissions the on Route 3 are substantially elevated (engine load, exhaust cooling during downhill driving) Using distance as reference parameter results in lower averaging window emissions than using cumulative CO2 mass as reference parameter Conclusions
Next steps • Analyzing emissions of the RDE-LDV random cycle testing • Analyzing on-road NOX emissions as function of engine load, catalyst temperatures, and road characteristics (based on the Euro 6 vehicle) • Validation of PEMS against laboratory equipment
Thank you! Joint Research Centre (JRC) IES - Institute for Energy and Transport Ispra – Italy Pierre Bonnel (pierre.bonnel@jrc.ec.europa.eu) Martin Weiss (martin.weiss@jrc.ec.europa.eu)
