Basic Leveling Tools -V2

1. Basic Leveling Tools -V2 M. S. Martin Sept. 2005, Revised June 2009

2. Hydrostatic Level • Consisting of clear tube and working on the principle that water finds its own level. • It’s critical that there are no air bubbles in the line.

3. Spirit Level • All Carpenters have one in their tool box. • Typically features slightly curved glass tube, incompletely filled with liquid (yellow coloured) leaving a bubble in tube to indicate level line • Items can be deemed level (horizontal plane) and plumb (vertical plane) • It can also be used in set-out work. See next slide for an example of this.

5. Line Level • Spirit bubble as for other level • Only to be used for approximate work

6. Plumb Bob • A pointed weight suspended from a string line. Used to give a “plumb line” or vertical reference point • Examples on next slide

8. Boning Rods • T-shaped timber, used in sets of three to achieve a level line by sighting along them. • Sometimes used for trench bases. • Look at larger picture on next slide.

10. Automatic Level / Dumpy Level Circular Bubble Eye Piece Sighting Pointer Horizontal Circle Focusing Knob Objective Lens Base Plate Foot Screw Fine Adjustment

11. Laser Level • Used similarly to a Dumpy level. • But, where a dumpy has to have two people to use it, one for the staff. A laser can be used with only one person. • The staff itself incorporates the use of a receiver, to pick up signal from laser level line.

13. A little History This is a 1927 Survey Compass

14. Dumpy Level by Baker • The simplest form of leveling equipment, from the early 1900’s. • Look at P11 in your student notes,you have a copy. • The following slides show some other early equipment, from 1900 onwards.

15. 1927 Transit Level

17. Gurley Theodolite

19. Modern Theodolites are more like this one