Content prepared by: S. Angelini TEN Center, VIU V. Re TEN Center, VIU

1. Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Change for Reducing Security Risks in SEEPier Carlo Sandei UNEP Vienna ISCC Content prepared by: S. Angelini TEN Center, VIU V. Re TEN Center, VIU M. Montini REPROS, University of Siena F. Volpe REPROS, University of Siena E.Guadagno REPROS, University of Siena

2. PART I: CLIMATE CHANGE: THE ADAPTATION CHALLENGE 1. Introduction: Climate change and sustainable development 2. The adaptation challenge: focus on South Eastern Europe 2.1 The adaptation challenge: an overview on the International and the European level 2.2 South Eastern Europe and the adaptation challenge PART II: POLITICAL AND LEGISLATIVE RESPONSES TO ADAPTATION CHALLENGE – THE WAY AHEAD 4. The political and legislative response to adaptation challenge 5. The adaptation management and governance in South Eastern Europe: options for the future OUTLINE

3. Policy and law on environmental protection, risk management and climate change, have a prominent role for the implementation of regional cooperation, in terms of: common sustainable development governance, adaptation to climate change, environmental management. Geographical and climate conditions, temperatures and even disasters, as any natural issue or event, do not follow political borders, therefore have to be addressed as a common issue that needs common, participated solutions. Adaptationin SEE

4. The consequences of climate change will be more evident in the most vulnerable areas, such as South Eastern Europe. Country Perils Earth Quake Flood Land Slides Drought Extreme Temperature Wind Storm Wild fire Endemic Technological Albania x x x x x x x x x Bosnia and Herzegovina   x x x x x x x x Croatia x x   x x x x   x The FYROM x x   x x x x x x Montenegro x x   x x x x x x Serbia x x   x x x x x x Kosovo/Territory under UN administration - x - - x - x - - Slovenia x x     x       x The adaptation challenge: focus on South Eastern Europe (I)

5. Research objectives Analyze possible implications and impacts on natural resources due to the climate change effects in the SEE Region Climate Change and Natural Resources in the SEE Region Focus on: Transboundary issues Mountain areas Human health

6. Research objectives Review of a total of 160 papers and reports focusing on the last 20 years February to May 2011

7. The political and legislative response to adaptation challenges • International level: • UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol; • Hyogo Framework for Action for disaster reduction 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters; • UNFCCC Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change 2006.

8. European Union level: European Climate Change Programmes (2000, 2005); European Union Action Plan on Climate Change in the Context of Development Cooperation (2004-2008); Green Paper on Adapting to Climate Change in Europe (2007) and White Paper on Adaptation (2009); Strategy for Supporting Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Countries (2009); Projects co-funding (Advancing Capacity to Support Climate Change Adaptation project; Tropical Forests & Climate Change Adaptation; Adaptation & Mitigation Strategies). …

9. SEE level: Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative; Belgrade SEE Climate Change Initiative; Community Civil Protection Mechanism and Civil Protection Financial Instrument; Civil Military Emergency Preparedness Council for South Eastern Europe; Regional Environmental Network for Accession; European Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law; South East European Climate Change Framework Action Plan for Adaptation; Environment Compliance&Enforcement Network for Accession

10. The adaptation management and governance • “How?”: the management challenge • Due to the characteristics of the area, the best answer could be a balanced mix of bottom-up and top-down policies, with the creation of dedicated fora at the regional level to enhance the cooperation among the countries. • “Who?”: the governance challenge • The EU approximation process in SEE is speedily evolving and a serious adaptation strategy has risen as a top priority both at international and European level. Lessons learned from collaborative adaptation governance experiences in other areas are needed (i. e. Alpine Convention, Carpathian Convention).

11. Options for the future

13. “The Carpathian Experience – Implementing the EU strategy for the Danube Region in the Carpathian Area”UNEP Vienna – Interim Secretariat of the Carpathian Convention

14. Challenges and opportunities for Climate change adaptation in the Carpathians Picture:Juliusz Stola Picture: Harald Egerer

15. The Carpathian Region Over 1,500 km long and up to 500 km wide >17 million people > 50 million incl. surrounding forelands 7 States Mountains and forelands cover more than 200,000 km2but influence 450,000 km2 51.5 km3/year surface water resources 36,000 km2 of protected areasClose to 100,000 km2 of natural or semi/natural forests > 3,000 km2 of virgin forests 481 endemic plant species

16. The Carpathian Convention 7 State Parties Adoption: 22 May 2003 in Kyiv, Ukraine Entry into force: 4 January 2006 3 Meetings of the COP: 2006, 2008, 2011 Current presidency: Slovak Republic Main objective: Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathian region

17. Coordinated Climate Change Adaptation among Carpathian States The Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians Protocol on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological and Landscape Diversity(entered into force) Protocol on Sustainable Tourism(adopted at COP3) Protocol on Sustainable Forest Management(adopted at COP3) Article 14 - Forestry and Climate Change

18. Carpathian Working Group on Adaptation to Climate Change Adopted at COP3 Supported by the project CARPIVIA (Carpathian integrated assessment of vulnerability to climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation measures) Aim at implementing Article 12 of the Carpathian Convention Activities: - Collection of information on vulnerability to climate change impacts in the Carpathian region - Provide recommendations for the development of policy proposals in the Carpathians - Contribute to a EU Information System on Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Pictures:Jazek Kozak

19. Carpathians integrated in the EU Strategy for the Danube Region Adopted by the European Council, June 2011 Part A: Connecting the Danube Region Energy efficiency and renewable energy To promote culture and tourism, people to people contacts To restore and maintain the quality of waters Part B: Protecting the Environment of the Danube region To manage environmental risks To preserve biodiversity, landscapes and the quality of air and soils Carpathian Convention: Observer in the Steering Group of Priority Area 6 of the EUSDR ‘Preserving biodiversity, landscapes and the quality of air and soils’

20. Need of further analysis Identification of the magnitude and character of climate change in different parts of the Carpathians Characterize its impacts on environment and human activities Need for joint studies that are using the same time scales and methodology Detect the causes for regional differences of climate change impacts Conclusions of the First Forum Carpaticum Picture: Gorce National Park

21. What are the messages from CLISP for the Carpathian region? How can the experience of CLISP contribute to the development of Climate Change adaptation strategies in the Carpathians?

27. CLISP at UNEP Vienna - ISCC Pier Carlo Sandei piercarlo.sandei@unvienna.org Tel. +43 1 26060 5796 Giulia Sechi giulia.sechi@unvienna.org Tel. +43 1 26060 4454

28. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!