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Solid Waste & Health. Background A. RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) 1. Actions 2. Major components a. Management of solid waste b. Control disposal of hazardous waste c. Control leakage of underground storage tanks. B. Municipal solid waste (MSW)
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Solid Waste & Health Background A. RCRA (Resource Conservation & Recovery Act) 1. Actions 2. Major components a. Management of solid waste b. Control disposal of hazardous waste c. Control leakage of underground storage tanks
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories a. Non-durable goods
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories b. Durable goods
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories c. Containers & packaging
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories d. Food waste
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories e. Yard waste
B. Municipal solid waste (MSW) 1. Categories f. Misc. organic waste
3. Sources of solid waste a. Residential b. Institutional c. Commercial d. Industrial
C. Other solid waste 1. Types a. Sewage sludge b. Mining waste c. Agricultural waste d. Nonhazardous industrial waste e. Waste from oil & gas production f. Building & demolition waste 2. Disposal
II. Management of waste A. Conventional MSW management 1. Relative components
2. Components a. Landfills i. Requirements under RCRA (1) Double liners (2) Leachate collection systems (3) Monitoring wells (4) Methane detection & venting
ii. Critical components (1) Components of the landfill itself (a) Soil & granular layers (b) Liner (c) Landfill cells (d) Cap
(2) Pollution control components (a) Groundwater monitors (b) Leachate collection (i) Pipes & pumps (ii) Holding ponds (c) Methane management
(c) Methane management (i) Monitors (ii) Venting (iii) Resource recovery
iii. Types of landfills iv. Use of finished landfills v. Decomposition of materials in landfills
b. Resource recovery (recycling) i. Reasons for recycling (1) Reduce landfill usage (2) Reduce resource usage (3) Limit pollution production & energy consumption
iii. Processing (1) Materials recycling facility (2) Processing within facilities
v. Use of recycled products (1) Original use
c. Incinerators i. Conventional
ii. Waste-to-energy (1) Uses (2) Stages (a) Combustion (b) Energy recovery (c) Minimization or neutralization of pollutants (3) Types
iii. Sorting of waste (1) Refused derived fuel (RDF) (2) Other (a) Components (b) Fate
B. Alternative MSW management 1. Source reduction a. Reuse of materials i. Conventional ii. Alternative b. Package design c. Consumer practices
2. Composting a. Materials that can be composted b. Process of composting
III. Health Hazards for Solid Wastes A. Chemical 1. Sources a. Leachate b. Gases
2. Components a. Microbial breakdown products b. Solvents & household chemicals c. Metals
B. Biological 1. Sources of biological hazards a. “Garbage-loving” disease vectors
d. Promoting growth of unwanted microorganisms i Pathogens ii. Algae
2. Reduction of biological hazards a. Tightly covered containers b. Compaction c. Quick processing d. Shredding