The Tsinghua University and China's Higher Education Systems

1. The Tsinghua University and China's Higher Education Systems Prof. Dr. Yushun FAN Tsinghua University Beijing, China January 18, Paderborn University

2. Main Contents • About Beijing • China’s Higher Education • Tsinghua University • National CIMS Engineering Research Center • International Cooperation

3. Main Contents • About Beijing • China’s Higher Education • Tsinghua University • National CIMS Engineering Research Center • International Cooperation

4. Beijing –the capital of China • Beijing is the nation’s political, economic and cultural center and is unique in history, tradition and characteristics.

5. Long History of Beijing • The story of Beijing dates back long before the recorded history. • The fragments of the bones of "Peking Man", dated to a period about 300,000----500,000 years ago, were discovered in a village to the southwest of the present-day city.

6. Long History of Beijing • From the 12th Century to 1911, it was the capital of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. • You will find the city an unforgettable destination, with its ancient Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the numerous palaces telling legends of dynasties long lost in the mist of history…

7. One of the world's most renowned projects, symbolizing China's ancient civilization The huge project begun more than 2,000 years ago, meanders through mountains and valleys for hundreds of kilometers in the region of Beijing. The Great Wall

8. The largest and best-preserved ancient architectural complex in the world Walking in the city, one may find many places worth a second visit, including mansions, gardens, gate towers, temples, former residences of celebrities and places where many historical events took place. The Forbidden City

9. The Temple of Heaven • where Ming and Qing emperors performed solemn rituals for bumper harvests

10. The Summer Palace • the emperors' magnificent garden retreat

11. The Ming tombs the stately and majestic mausoleums of 13 Ming Dynasty emperors • Many other historic interests and scenic beauties

12. Culture – Hutong and Siheyuan (Chinese quadrangel)

13. Culture – Folk Custom • Beijing Opera, Wushu, Chinese acrobatics… • Chinese knot, Paper-cut… • Dragon lantern, Spring festival scrolls…

14. Modern Beijing • Now, Beijing is shaping itself into a modern metropolis on 16,800 square kilometers with a population of 13 million.

15. Beijing – Olympic 2008 • With the eyes of the world turned toward Beijing, China’s capital was awarded the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games on July 13, 2001 in Moscow. People will remember this historic moment and a new page will be written in the Olympic history.

16. Beijing – Educational and Scientific Center • A lot of high grade colleges, universities and institutions • More than 50 major institutions of research and education are located in Beijing. • such as, Peking University, founded in 1898; Tsinghua University, founded in 1911; the People's University, founded in 1937, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded in 1949. • These institutions are located in the northwest suburbs, an area associated with higher education and scientific research.

17. Main Contents • About Beijing • China’s Higher Education • Tsinghua University • National CIMS Engineering Research Center • International Cooperation

18. Compulsory nine - year education Primary school (6 years) Junior high school (3 years) + Chinese Education System Postgraduate postgraduate entrance exam University or college (4-5 years) College entrance exam Senior high school (3 years) Pre-school (Children aged from 3 to 6)

19. Chinese universities and colleges • 1683 in total (by 28/06/2004) • Directly under the Ministry of Education: 71 • Key universities and colleges: 95 • Acknowledged by Germany: 97

20. Key universities and colleges distributions —— Northeast of China ——— Beijing city: 20 —————— Shaanxi Province: 6 —— Shanghai city: 11 ——— Jiangsu Province —————— Hubei Province

21. Rank 2004 – Chinese University

22. The 985 Project •  The 985 Project • The Chinese Ministry of Education decided to develop some world-class universities in the implementation ‘1998-2002 Action Plan for Invigorating Education in the 21st Century’. • The universities supported by the 985 Project (by 29/12/2003) • 34 in total • Tsinghua University, Beijing University, University of Science and Technology of China , Nanjing University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Haerbin Institute of Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin University…

23. The 211 Project •  The 211 Project • 21st century, 100 High Quality Universities and disciplinary areas • Some key universities and key disciplinary areas reach or approach advanced international standards • 95 universities get the support of the 211 project by now

24. Students • Undergraduates • Present: about 16,000,000 • Matriculates: about 3,500,000 per year • Postgraduates • Present: about 600,000 • Matriculates: about 200,000 per year • Master candidates : Ph.D candidates ≈ 3 : 1

25. National university entrance exam • ３＋Ｘ • 3 required: Chinese, Mathematics, English. • X: Select one or more subjects from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Politics and integrated subjects (such as arts, science). • Proportion of students entering universities and colleges: about 50%

26. National entrance exam for postgraduate • For Master candidates: • 2 common subjects: Philosophy, English • 2 special subjects: decided by universities • Interview • For Ph.D candidates: • English and at least 2 special subjects: decided by universities • Interview • Waiver of examination • Proportion of matriculation • In average: 30% • Tsinghua University: 10%

27. Tuition Fee for Native Students • Tuition fee for bachelor’s degree • about 5,000 RMB/year • Financial aid provided: Scholarship, subsidy, food allowance, loan… • Tuition fee for postgraduates • 0-15,000 RMB/year • Financial aid provided: Scholarship, Teaching Assistant (TA), Research Assistant (RA)… • Accommodation fee: about 1,000 RMB/year • Board expenses:about 10-20 RMB/day

28. Financial Support for students • The Chinese government has taken a series of policies and measures to ensure that students from economically poor background will not be deprived of access to education. • Such measures include mainly a system of scholarships, part-time job facilitating system, special subsidiary system, remission or reduction of tuitions, and national educational loans. • The implementation of these measures has effectively guaranteed that students from poor families can complete their studies successfully.

29. Post-Doctor • Post-doctoral programs: 2 years • Post-doctoral research centers: about 800 • Financial support • No less than 30,000 RMB/year

30. Main Contents • About Beijing • China’s Higher Education • Tsinghua University • National CIMS Engineering Research Center • International Cooperation

31. Where is Tsinghua University? Tsinghua University

32. The West Gate Tsinghua University

33. The East Gate Tsinghua University

34. Auditorium Second Gate Tsinghua Xuetang Tsinghua University

35. Library Tsinghua University

36. I-shaped Hall Shui Mu Tsinghua Statue of Zhuziqing Tsinghua University

37. Jinchun Garden Monument Lingling Ge Han Pavilion Tsinghua University

38. School of Science Tsinghua University

39. Main Building Tsinghua University

40. Building of Technology and Science School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University

41. Teaching Buildings Tsinghua University

42. Gymnasium Tsinghua University

43. Student Apartments Tsinghua University

44. History of Tsinghua University • Tsinghua University was established in 1911 on the site of "Qing Hua Yuan" - a former royal garden of the Qing Dynasty. • Funded with part of the "Boxer Indemnity," it was at first a preparatory school called "Tsinghua Xuetang" for those students who were sent by the government to study in the United States.

45. On April 29, 1911, Tsinghua Xuetang began its first term, and from then on the last Sunday of April was set as the school's anniversary. The name was changed to "Tsinghua School" after the 1911 Revolution. In 1925, a university section was established, offering a four－year program for students. In 1928, its name was changed to "National Tsinghua University“, and in the autumn of 1929 a graduate school was set up. History of Tsinghua University (2)

46. History of Tsinghua University (3) • Following the outbreak of the War in 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form the Southwest Associated University in Kunming. • After the war, Tsinghua University moved back to Beijing. • After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tsinghua University became a multidisciplinary polytechnic university with an emphasis on training engineers.

47. Present Tsinghua University • 12 schools and 52 departments • 41 research institutes • 35 engineering research centers • 170 laboratories, including 16 state key labs. The university offers: • 54 bachelor's degree programs • 123 master's degree programs • 159 Ph.D. programs.

48. Present Tsinghua University (2) • Over 7,500 faculty and staff • 1,100 fullprofessors and 1,800 associate professors • 31 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences • 24 members of the Chinese Academy of Engineering • Over 20,000 present students • 14,200 undergraduates • 7,900 master's degrees candidates • 4,200 Ph.D candidates.

49. Sep. 2003 Apr. 2004 Overseas Exchanges • Foreign visitors • 28 Nobel Prize winners • 4 chiefs of state • 36 vice presidents and ministers of government • About 300 presidents of universities • More than 60 presidents of enterprises • Foreign students • Come from 58 countries • More than 1,000

50. Present Tsinghua University (3) • The first-class university in China • With a splendid legacy accumulated over the past 90 years, Tsinghua has retained its character and charm while promoting rigorous scholarship research, ensuring academic and educational prestige in China and abroad. • Educational philosophy: train students with integrity • Among the over 100,000 students who have graduated from Tsinghua since its founding are many outstanding scholars, eminent entrepreneurs and great statesmen remembered and respected by their fellow Chinese citizens. • To study at Tsinghua is the dreamof many Chinese youth.