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Chapter 2

Section 1. Chapter 2. Standards of Measurements. Standard Exact quantity that people agree to use SI System International System of Units & Measurements AKA Metric System Improved version of the metric system Base 10 number system

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Chapter 2

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  1. Section 1 Chapter 2

  2. Standards of Measurements • Standard • Exact quantity that people agree to use • SI System • International System of Units & Measurements • AKA Metric System • Improved version of the metric system • Base 10 number system • Universally accepted & understood by scientists throughout the world

  3. Types of Units • Base Units • Units from which ALL other units are made (derived) • Derived units • Combinations of base units

  4. SI Base Units

  5. BIG Common Prefixes

  6. Small Common Prefixes

  7. Scientific NotationM x 10n • Way of expressing very BIG or very SMALL numbers • Expresses numbers as powers of ten • Numerical (M) is between 1.0 and 10 • Contains exact number of sig. figs. • Pos. exponent (n) is a BIG number • Neg. exponent (n) is SMALL number

  8. Converting Units • Factor Label Method • State Given Factor Unit • Add Railroad Tracks • Show = _______ name desired units • Insert equivalents until desired unit is achieved • Multiply to find resulting value

  9. 1 in = __?__ ft 1 in x _________ = _________ft 12 in = 1 ft 1 in x _________ = _________ft 1 ft 12 in .083

  10. Chapter 2 Section 2

  11. Precision vs. Accuracy • Precision • Describes the degree of exactness of a measure • Accuracy • Describes how well the results of an experiment agree with the standard value

  12. Parallax • The apparent shift in the position of an object when it is viewed from different angles.

  13. Sig Figs • Nonzero digits are always significant • Zeros between 2 other sig figs are always significant (sandwich rule) • After a decimal point, the LAST or FINAL digit is significant (little piggy) • Zeros that are placeholders are NOT significant

  14. When adding with sig figs • In the FINAL answer…Use same number of decimal places as the least precise item being added • When multiplying with sig figs • In the FINAL answer…Use the same number of sig figs as the least of the items being multiplied

  15. Chapter 2 Section 3

  16. Visual Data • Line Graph • Shows relationship between dependent variable and independent variable • Bar Graph • Comparing info collected by counting • Pie Graph • Part to Whole

  17. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Bar Graphs

  18. Pie Graph

  19. Plotting Line Graphs • See steps to follow on pg 31

  20. Linear Relationships y = mx + b Y-intercept = b Slope = m = rise = Δy run Δx Δ (delta) means change

  21. Non-linear Relationships Quadratic Relationships (parabola) y = ax2 + bx + c Inverse Relationship (hyperbola) xy = a y = a x

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