USAID In-Kind Food Aid Prepositioning

1. USAIDIn-Kind Food Aid Prepositioning Rachel Vas, Program Operations Specialist

2. PREPO Locations • Red indicates Emergency Food Products only Houston Miami Dubai, UAE Las Palmas Djibouti Colombo, Sri Lanka Mombasa, Kenya Durban, South Africa

3. Brief Overview • Current PREPO Warehouses began operating in 2007: • Djibouti: largest overseas PREPO operation • Jacinto, Texas: only US based PREPO warehouse • In 2010, FFP added 4 additional warehouses in: • Durban, South Africa • Mombasa, Kenya • Colombo, Sri Lanka • Lome, Togo • Las Palmas, Canary Islands • In April 2012, FFP began placing Emergency Food Products (A-20 paste) in shared warehouse space with USAID’s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) in Miami and Dubai. • Currently over 120,000 MT of in-kind food aid is in the PREPO pipeline globally.

4. How PREPO is Used • FFP maintains standard inventories of high-demand commodities that are purchased and warehoused in advance of programmatic need • Bypasses lengthy process of procuring and delivering commodities to load port. • Cuts 2-3 months off of the standard timeframe for emergency response

5. Countries Served: Africa Las Palmas Prepo Bulgur, CSB, VO Djibouti Prepo YSP, CSB, VO • Durban Prepo: Central and Southern Africa, but has been used to send Sorghum to East Africa • Mombasa Prepo East and Central Africa; stores Sorghum for East and Central Africa. • Djibouti Prepo can also divert commodities to ports in Algeria, Yemen, and Pakistan • Las Palmas Prepo: West Africa; newest warehouse Mombasa Prepo YSP, CSB, VO, Sorghum Durban Prepo YSP, VO, Sorghum

6. Commodity Inventories • Typical Commodities: • Sorghum • Vegetable Oil • Corn Soy Blend • Yellow Spilt Peas • Lentils • Bulgur • Rice • New Products: • Emergency Food Products will be held in Miami and Dubai • RUTF and RUSF will be stored in other USAID PREPO warehouses to respond to emergencies worldwide.

7. Key Metrics – How Much • More than 60% of the time, commodities arrive within 30-60 days through PREPO • Food arrivals have taken longer than 60 days only 1% of the time when using PREPO

8. Key Metrics – How Fast • Djibouti to Sudan, Port Sudan • Standard Procurement & Delivery (US to Sudan)- 4 months • PREPO Delivery- < 9 Days • Jacinto to Haiti, Port au Prince • Standard Procurement & Delivery (US to Haiti)- 3 months • PREPO Delivery- < 9 Days

9. Effective Responses • Haiti Earthquake January 2010 – Jacinto PREPO • Allocation of commodities • 12,050 metric tons of corn soy blend, vegetable oil and rice • Deliveries began within 9 days • Purchase/allocation of commodities • 87,930 metric tons of corn soy blend, vegetable oil, rice and pinto beans • East Africa/Horn Famine: September 2011* • 400,000 MT were delivered to the Horn between October 2011 and May 2012. • Of the total tonnage, 153,000 MT came from Jacinto, Djibouti, Durban and Mombasa PREPO combined. • Delivery of commodities takes between 10-15 days from Djibouti and Mombasa PREPO.

10. The Future of PREPO • How can we speed up the response to every program? • How can we improve the supply chain? • What kinds of commodities will be held? • Additional PREPO warehouse locations or less, with larger tonnages?

11. USAID Emergency Food Security Program (EFSP): Cash, Vouchers, and LRP John Lamm Food for Peace Officer, EFSP May 4, 2012

12. EFSP Purpose and Program Objectives • To address the highest priority, immediate, emergency food assistance needs • Used when: • Title II in-kind food aid cannot arrive in a sufficiently timely manner; • LRP, cash transfer or food vouchers are more appropriate due to market conditions; or • Significantly more beneficiaries can be served

13. EFSP Programs Have Been Implemented in 30 Countries Around the World

14. EFSP Trends

15. EFSP Funding by Modality

16. The Right Tool in the Right Location • Ten FY12 EFSP projects implemented in the Sahel by six partners in four countries. • Considerations: • Potential for market impact in implementation area and source market • Timing • Market Integration • Vendor Capacity • Beneficiary Preference and Familiarity CT & FV CT CT & LP FV Regional Procurements Title II CT – Cash Transfers FV – Food Vouchers LP – Local Procurement

17. Appropriateness Case Study: Yemen • In-kind Food Distribution? (TLII/LRP) • Physical security risks in certain geographic areas make in-kind food distribution dangerous for PVO implementers and beneficiaries. • Cash Transfers? • Food is available in the market, and market assessment suggests that vendors should be able to respond to a moderate increase in demand. • Difficult to guarantee that cash would be spent on food given high household spending on khat (a psychoactive herbal stimulant) and almost exclusive male control of household cash resources. • Food Vouchers? • Food is available in the market, and market assessment suggests that vendors should be able to respond to a moderate increase in demand. • Targeted communities are familiar with the idea because similar systems have been used by large business owners to assist poor households during Ramadan.

18. Cash Programming in East Africa • Cash resources can reach highly mobile populations and physically insecure areas where in-kind assistance is not viable. • Cell phone technology has offered a high tech mechanism for cash transfers…. • …but Hawala traders have offered a low tech alternative even in areas with limited cell coverage. Cash Distribution in Kenya (Picture Courtesy of Adeso)

19. For More Information • Annual Program Statement (APS) No. FFP-11-000001 extended indefinitely. • APS, guidance, and amendments can be found at http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/ffp/emergency.html