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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster

AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster. Frank O’Brien Infoage Science/History Learning Center. Necessary Background. Overview of Saturn V Instrument Unit Apollo Guidance Computer / DAP Flight controls in the Apollo CM Abort Boundaries Saturn V takeover options

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AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster

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  1. AGC and Manual Control of the Saturn V Booster Frank O’Brien Infoage Science/History Learning Center

  2. Necessary Background • Overview of Saturn V Instrument Unit • Apollo Guidance Computer / DAP • Flight controls in the Apollo CM • Abort Boundaries • Saturn V takeover options • Crew Simulator Experience

  3. Instrument Unit IU being lowered on top of S-IVB All components located along inside wall of IU

  4. Saturn Instrument Unit • All booster guidance and control • Platform: 3-axis stabilized, ST-124M • Launch Vehicle Digital Computer • Single thread programming • “Time Bases” define mission phases • Triply Redundant • 32Kx28 bits, serial bus, 82us add time

  5. Apollo CM Flight Controls • Apollo Guidance Computer • DSKY • P11: Boost Monitor • Digital Autopilot • Flight Director Attitude Indicator • Main Console Switches • Rotational Hand Controller

  6. Apollo Guidance Computer • Fully multiprogramming, interrupt driven • Primary G&C interface • Intuitive user interface • Verb-Noun communication language • Verbs: Action to be taken • Nouns: Data to be acted on by Verb • Boost Monitor: Program 11

  7. Display and Keyboard (DSKY)

  8. AGC Digital Autopilot • Fully implemented in software • DAP runs continuously in background • Input parameters • Spacecraft configuration, weight • Attitude deadband • RCS Jet preferences • Takeover configuration preloaded

  9. AGC Program 11 • Independently monitors boost phase • Calculates attitude errors • Displayed on FDAI error needles • Displays velocity, altitude and H-dot • Optionally displays orbital parameters • (!) Is able to assume Saturn V takeover

  10. Flight Director Attitude Indicator • Primary spacecraft attitude indicator • Modeled after traditional “8-ball” • 4” ball with attitude markings • Attitude error needles across face • Not unlike pilot’s ILS needles • Rotational rate pointer along sides

  11. Flight Director Attitude Indicator

  12. Apollo CM Console Switches

  13. Apollo CM Console Switches

  14. Boost Monitor Cue Card

  15. Saturn V Takeover • LV Guidance light • LVDC detects an unrecoverable error • LV Rate light • Excessive launch vehicle rates • Pitch, Yaw > 5 deg/sec, Roll > 20 deg/sec • Note: Abort region varies • T-0 -> T+120 sec - Pitch, yaw: 4 deg/sec • Remainder of boost - Pitch, yaw: 9 deg/sec

  16. Takeover Options (1) • LVDC failure during Open Loop guidance • Abort! (Automatic) • No Time-Tilt routine in AGC • No means to stage S-1C/S-II • Simulator experience • Bending, sloshing, shear difficult to control • Insufficient control authority for gimbal hardover

  17. Takeover Options (2) • Much easier in Closed Loop guidance • LV Guidance light • Switch to CMC from IU control • Manual S-II / S-IVB staging required • LV Rate light • Usually with LV Guid light • Possibly gimbal hardover or LVDC failure • DSKY Verb 46 to enable manual control

  18. Manual Control Complications • Saturn V is hardly a rigid body • Bending Moment • Flexible structure, especially S-1C • Manual control authority during Time Base 1 and 2 may exceed max bending moment • Propellant Sloshing • Significant for S-1C LOX & RP-1, S-II LOX • Aerodynamics / wind shear

  19. Simulation of Manual Control • High-fidelity simulator built at Ames • Performance criteria (earth orbit) • Delta H 1 Nautical Mile • Delta H-dot 45 feet/sec • Delta V 10 Feet/sec • Simulated performance well within criteria!

  20. Backup (NASA NTRS) • AC Delco Apollo 15 G&C manual • AS-503 Flight Manual • Astronics Systems of Saturn LV’s • Astronics Systems Handbook/Saturn LV • Description of Saturn G&C • Saturn 1B / V Astronics systems • Saturn V Manual Guidance • Saturn V LVDC Description • Apollo CSM Operations Handbook, Vol. 1

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