MECHANIZING TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY

1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT FOR MACHINES AND INSTALLATIONS DESIGNED TO AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY • MECHANIZING TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INDUSTRY • Sofia 15-16 June 2011

2. Short history The National Institute of Research - Development for Machines and Installations Designed to  Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest has the oldest and the most prestigious researching activity in the domain of agricultural machinery and mechanization technologies in Romania · In 1927 it was set up the first “Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within “The Agronomical Research Institute of Romania—ICAR” (setting up low published in Official Year BooK, No. 97/05.05.1927). · In 1930 it was set up “The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Machines” by transforming “The Research Centre for Agricultural Machines” within ICAR - which has settled the scientific bases regarding the methodologies and experimental technique in the field (Decision No. 2000/1930 of ICAR Manager “Gh. Ionescu Sisesti). · In 1952 it was set up “The Research Institute for Agriculture Mechanization and Electrification - ICMA Bãneasa by transforming The Station for Testing Agricultural Tools and Machines. · In 1960 it was set up “The Enterprise for Design and Production of Prototypes for Agricultural Machines, Implements and Installations - INMA Otopeni. · In 1979 it was set up “The Institute of Scientific Research and Technological Engineering for Agricultural Machines and Implements - ICSITMUA - under the subordination of The Ministry of Machine Building Industry (MICM) by unifying ICMA under the subordination of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food with ICPMA under the subordination of MICM. · In 1996 it was set up The National Institute of Research and Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry - INMA Bucharest complying with the Government Decision (HG) no. 1308 / 25.11.1996 by re-organizing ICSITMUA, HG 1308 / 1996, under the coordination of the Education and Research Ministry; HG 823/2004. · In 2008 INMA has been accredited for performing research-development activities financed by public funds, according to HG 551/2007, ANCS Decision No. 9634/2008.

3. CONTENTS A. TECHNOLOGIES FOR AGRICULTURE 1. INNOVATIVE MECHANIZING TECHNOLOGIES AIMED AT SETTING UP HOEING CROPS ACCORDING TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 2. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND APPLYING MICROBIAL INOCULANTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 3. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ENDOWED WITH PROTECTING DEVICE AGAINST THE COVERING SLURRY IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTIONI 4. ECOLOGICAL CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR COLORADO BEETLE PRESENT IN POTATO CROPS 5. PROGNOSIS AND REMEDYING METHODOLOGY FOR RAIN EROSION AND LANDSLIDES 6. TECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINS B. TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY 1. TECHNOLOGY OF SORTING, WASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITS 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUIT CALIBRATION 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES 4. TECHNOLOGYFOR STURGEONS INTENSIVE BREEDING 5. TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS PROCESSING C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILS 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR CAPITALIZING MISCANTHUS ENERGETIC PLANT 3. TECHNOLOGY OF OBTAINING THE BIOGAS

4. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES 1. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS ACCORDING TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MINIMUM TILLAGE SOWING DIRECT SOWING Multifunctional combiner for working the soil Sowing machine for sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading micro-granulated insecticides Technical equipment for soil working on strips, sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading insecticides 2. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP VEGETABLE CROPS FOR GRAINS AND APPLYING THE MICROBIAL INOCULANTS IN COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Sowing machine for sowing the hoeing plants with technical equipment for microbial inoculants applying Multifunctional combiner for working the soil 3. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR SETTING UP THE HOEING CROPS WITH TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ENDOWED WITH PROTECTION DEVICE AGAINST THE CRYSTALLIZED SLURRIES ACCORDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Sowing machine for sowing the hoeing plants with device directing the air current coming from the exhauster Multifunctional combiner for working the soil

5. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMBINER FOR WORKING THE SOIL During a single passing, in spring or autumn the combiner performs the following agricultural operations: - A deep soil loosening, at 0.20...0.25 m working depth, by means of chisel-type loosening devices, in order to allow plants roots easily to penetrate at a great depth in search of necessary nutritive elements and water; - Preparing the germinating bed at working depths of 10...14 cm with working parts of notched disks-type with elastic arm designed to sowing; - Additional mincing and levelling of soil by means of rollers with rods. The multifunctional combiner for soil works promotes the conservative agriculture system, which ensures competitive outputs in terms of quality and quantity similar to those obtained in classic agricultural systems, but with diminished costs and high profit, preserving at the same time the soil specific properties. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Combiner type semi-mounted Driving tractor , HP 220...240 Maximum working depth, cm - loosening elements25 - notched disks14 Mass, kg 2630 The combiner works on all types of soils situated on plane fields or slope fields with up to max. 6°inclination.

6. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR SOIL WORKING ON STRIPS, SOWING HOEING PLANTS, FERTILIZING AND SPREADING INSECTICIDES • The technical equipment performs during a single passage the following operations: • - Removing the stubble superficial soil layer • Cutting the weeds, vegetal remains and vertically splitting the soil along the axle of the row to be sown • Penetrating into the soil at 2...20 cm depth for digging a ditch filled with loosened soil • Working and loosening the soil on strips of 20 cm width and 2…8 cm depth • - Sowing the hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading the micro-granulated insecticides 1 – technical equipment for working the soil on narrow strips; 2 – sowing machine for sowing hoeing plants, fertilizing and spreading micro-granulated insecticides; 3 – side bar, 4 –central tension rod;5 – axle bearing.; 6 – cardan drive, T2 101;7 – cardan drive T2 051. The technical equipment can be also used independently for a passage necessary to soil working operations and soil loosening on an area so-called “narrow strip”, and during another passage for sowing the hoeing plants crops (sowing grain by grain of corn crop, sunflower, etc.) concomitantly withapplying chemical fertilizers and insecticides. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Combiner type carried Driving tractor, HP 80...100 Number of processing sections 4 Working width, m 2.8 Mass, kg 1383

7. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR APPLYING MICROBIAL INOCULANTS The technical equipment is used at punctually applying the inoculant bacterium slurry in order to colonize the rhizom-sphere of grain vegetable cultures aimed at nourishing and reducing certain negative environmental phenomena (such as soil erosion) and their effects on soil structure. The microbial inoculants are environmental-friendly products, which have a multiple action on culture plants (nourishing, protection and stimulating actions) and soil ( forming the soil structure and raising the natural resistance against erosion). MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Number of liquid tanks, pcs. 2 - Liquid pump - type with membrane - number of membranes, 2 - working pressure, bar 0.5...3 - Type of hydraulic engine: slow - Distributor - typewith manual command - number of discharges units, pcs. 6 Kinematic and functional diagram 1 – liquid tank; 2 - „T”joint; 3 – central tap; 4 - filter; 5 – liquid pump; 6 – hydraulic engine; 7 - distributor; 8 – hydraulic agitator; 9, 10 – hoses; 11 –applying head

8. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES SOWING MACHINE FOR HOEING PLANTS SOWING EQUIPPED WITH DEVICE DIRECTING THE AIR CURRENT FROM THE EXHAUSTER The seeds abrasion generally appears when they are sacked, in transport, during the storage or when they are loaded into the bin, the dust forming process being also influenced by the manner in which the seeds were conditioned. The abrasive particles are subsequently eliminated as dust during the sowing operation, by means of the pneumatic sowing machine exhauster. The dust resulted following the seeds abrasion, when it is released in the air, can affect the operator performing the sowing, the persons which control the operation, or the persons accidentally present in the area.When the wind speed is bigger, the dust charged with possible active substances can reach the melliferous cultures all around. For remedying this drawback, the sowing machines for treated seeds to be exploited can be equipped with a device directing the air current coming from the exhauster, which might containdust particles in the soil or next to soil surface; therefore it reduces the dust quantity present as slurry in the air. In order to protect both the operators and the environment, INMA Bucharest offers the necessary technical support for manufacturing the device which directs the air current to soil and for its mounting on all the available sowing machines. Coupling system at sowing machine exhauster Piping system for evacuating the crystallized slurries

9. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES 4. TEHNOLOGY FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF THE COLORADO BEETLE IN THE POTATO CROP TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE ECOLOGIC CONTROL OF COLORADO BEETLE The technical equipment for the ecological control of Colorado beetle is aimed at fighting by physical methods against Colorado beetle from potato crops, by collecting the larvae and adult insects. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Equipment typecarried - Power source, HP 45 - Number of worked rows 2 - Distance between sections, cm 75 - Type of ventilators quaquaversal - Working speed, km/h 2…4 Schemeof treatment based on alternative control methods The operating principle is based on mechanical procedures of detaching and absorbing the insects from potato plants, by means of a pneumatic system which generates air currents of variable intensity.

10. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES 5. METHODOLOGYOF PREDICTING AND REMEDYING THE RAIN EROSION AND LANDSLIDES METHOD AND TECHNIQUE OF DRAWING UP RISK MAPS FOR SURFACE RAIN EROSION PHENOMENA (HRE) AND LANDSLIDES (HRAT) Analysis of surface of area for which the map is drawn up: line of levels, paths of water effluences from slopes Digitization of area spatial domain for which the map is drawn up broken down on sub-domains (parcels) with a rather constant declivity Geographical delimitation of the territory (area) for which the map is drawn up Statistic study of distribution of erosion and landslides risks in territory Measuring the average length equivalent and average slope relevant to each sub-domain in which was divided the domain to be mapped Using the mobile installation for estimating the erosion risk and calculating the soil losses and stability factor for each sub-domain Extracting the maximum attention areas from the map for preventing or locally remedying

11. A. AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES 6. TECHNOLOGY OF SETTING UP THE FORESTRY CURTAINS Afforested area Planting seedlings Transport of seedlings and water to afforestation place Multifunctional combiner for working the soiland planting forestry seedlings Tractor + Trailer Planted seedlings Tractor + Tank trailer Soil working equipment on forestry areas Machine for planting forestry seedlings Multifunctional combiner for working the soil and planting forestry seedlings Equipment for soil working in forestry areas Forestry seedlings planting machine MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Type of machinecarried - Power source, HP 190 - Rotative speed at PTO, rot/min 1000 - No.of planted rows, mm 1 MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Type of machinecarried - Power source, HP 150 - Working depth, mm 300 - Working width, mm 580 • MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS • - Type of machine carried • - Planting depth, mm 300 • Distancebetween seedlings • on row, cm 50, 100, • 150, 300 At a single passage, the machine performs the soil works and semi-mechanical planting of seedlings. It is designed to mechanizing the soil preparing operations for planting the forestry seedlings. It is designed to semi-mechanically plantingthe forestry seedlings.

12. B. TECHNOLOGIES FORFOOD INDUSTRY 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR SORTING , WASHING AND DRYING THE FRUITS FRUIT DEHYDRATING INSTALLATION The installation of fruits dehydrating is designed to orchard farms or fruits processors in order to desiccate the fruits for being conditioned and ensilaged in good conditions, aiming at a higher capitalization. 1 – dehydrating chamber; 2 – trucks; 3 – burner and heat exchanger; 4 – propeller fan ;5 – deflector plates; 6 – recirculating register; 7 – mixing chamber; 8 – burnt gas chimeny; 9 – humide air chimeny; 10 – temperature sensors; 11 –humidity sensors; 12 –electric and automating installation MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Capacity of drying (plums/24hours), kg 1700 Number of trucks, pcs 4 Drying surface, m2 96 Average fuel consumption (methane gas)m3/h 10 Total installed power, kW 5 Net mass, kg 3850

13. B. TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOODINDUSTRY 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR FRUITS CALIBRATION INSTALLATION FOR SORTING THE APPLES The installation of sorting apples is used in producers fruits stores aiming at classifying them in terms of sizebefore their commercialization. The main sorting element is made of a pair of sorting rolls, of a special designed-profile allowing the fruits separation after the passes-or not method.In order to obtain a greater productivity of the installation, two pairs of sorting rolls contribute to sorting process. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Rotative speed of sorting elements, rot/min 91 - No. of sorting elements, pcs 2 - Length of sorting elements, mm 2150 - Maximum feeding flow, kg/min 21 The installation for sorting apples is endowed with multiple setting possibilities, which allows it to be used within a large range of fruits sorting processes.

14. B. TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES INSTALLATION OF REMOVING THE FRUITS STONES The installation of removing the fruits stones represents a part of a technological process designed to process the kernel fruits or to be used independently for obtaining certain sub-products, subsequently exploited for producing other food ranges (jams, plum jam, natural juices, etc.) The installation operating principle is based on cutting the fruits up to the stone and removing it as a whole by means of a rubber drum, after what the fruits without stones are collected and their juice, resulted from stones removing is recovered. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Working capacity, kg/h 300...400 - Stone removing degree, % 95...100 - Electric engine power, kW 1.5 - Engine rotative speed, rot/min 1420 - Mass, kg 530 1 – gearmotor; 2 – frame; 3- disk roller; 4 – rubberized roller, 5 - cutting knife; 6 – cutting knife rod; 7 – feeder hopper; 8 – stone chute; 9 – fruit pulp chute; 10 – juice chute; 11 – chain 10B-1

15. B. TECHNOLOGIES FOR FOOD INDUSTRY 4. TECHNOLOGY FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDING AQUIFEROUS RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR FISH SUPERINTENSIVE BREEDING The aquiferous re-circulating system of fish superintensive breeding is a partially close system, which by treating and recirculating the water allows fish to be bred under controlled environment conditions. 1 – Driller mine; 2 – Water supplying basin ; 3 – Breeding basin; 4 – Mechanical filter; 5 – Biological filter; 6 – Separator; 7 – Pump; 8 – UV apparatus; 9 – Oxygenating apparatus; 10 – Water heating/cooling apparatus The re-circulating systems assure the achievement of a high fish output by an advanced control of breeding system hydro-chemical parameters according to quantity and biochemical structure of fodder supplied and at the same time to requirements imposed by the appropriate pisciculture hygiene conditions. Treating the water within the system consists in removing the waste solids, ammonia and nitrites oxidation , eliminating the carbon dioxide, aerating or oxygenating and sometimes decontaminating the water. The main technological equipment used at water treatment are: mechanical filters, biological filters, UV filters, ventilating or oxygenating apparataand water heating/cooling apparata.

16. B. TECHNOLOGIEAS FOR FOOD INDUSTRY 5. TECHNOLOGY FOF MEDICINAL PLANTS CAPITALIZATION Installation of medicinal plants distilling The distillation installation is designed to extracting the essential oils out of medicinal and aromatic crop plants or belonging to spontaneous flora, by means of the steam driving method. The installation comprises a supporting frame mounted on distilling recipient together with the lid raising device, the oil steam condenser, the circuit of cooling water comprising two superposed tanks, the oil separator, the steam generator and the electric automating installation. • MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Exploiting capacity, kg plants/day 75 … 100 - Capacity of distilling recipient, l appr. 500 • Steam flow rate, kg/h max. 300 • - Pressure of steam,bar max. 0.7 - Fuel used methane - Capacity of separating recipient, l appr. 20 - Capacity ofwater tanks, l 2 × 1,000 - Informative mass, kg 1700 Lavender (lavandula angustifolia) Garden sage (salvia officinalis) Mint (mentha piperita)

17. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES 1. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING VEGETAL OILS INSTALLATION OF OBTAINING THE VEGETAL OILS The installation is designed at obtaining the crude vegetal oils out of oily seeds (rape, soya, sunflower, etc.) used as biofuels for thermal engine operating. Module for obtaining the oils Module for preparing the seeds MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS - Number of storage bins, pcs. 3 - Capacity of storage bins, kg 3x1200 - Capacity of intermediary bin, kg 1200 - Capacity of pre-heating bin, kg 1400 - Capacity of oil collector, l 1300 - Working capacity of seedspreparing module, t/h 3 - Working capacity of oil extracting module, kg/h 400...450 - Installed power, kW 33 - Specific power consumption, kwh 51.42 Module for Oil degumming Module for Purifying the oil Utilization of vegetal oils for thermal engines in use.

18. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES 2. TECHNOLOGY FOR RECOVERY OF ENERGETIC PLANT MISCANTHUS Miscanthus Giganteus is a plant that produces a large amount of dry matter per hectare, with perennial growth (up to 15 years), which is used as energetic plant , important biomass resource. Miscanthus plant's energetic potential can be used in particular for the production of thermal energy. MISCANTHUS PLANTING MACHINE Works in aggregate with 65-80 HP wheeled tractors equipped with hydraulic lifting systems and has four sections for rhizomes planting at a depth varying from 8 to 12 cm. EQUIPMENT FOR HARVESTING OF MISCANTHUS DRY STALKS It is mounted on the forage combine and during the working process performs cutting of plants from field and leads them through working bodies of the combine which executes the chopping at the length of 10 ... 15 mm and loading of chopped mass in a mean of transport. MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Working width, m 1.6 - Number of rotors 2- Toothed rotor speed, rev / min 46- Cutting height, mm 100 ... 120 MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Working width, m 2.8 ... 4- Distance between rows, mm 700 ... 1000- Nr. of planted rows, pcs 4

19. C. ENERGETIC TECHNOLOGIES 3. TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING THE BIOGAS BIOGAS INSTALLATION FOR LIVESTOCK MICROFARMS AND PEASANT FARM HOUSEHOLDS The biogas installation is designed at anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, biomass and animal waste from farms, microfarms and peasant agricultural households. MAIN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - Type of construction half-buried- Type of fermentation anaerobic- Fermentation temperature, ° C 5...25- Time of fermentation, days 50...60-Net volume (Vuf) of fermentable material, m3 5 -Net volume of biogas accumulation (Vug), m3 2.3 - Gas pressure, bar 0.1 ... 0.22 - Plant efficiency, m3biogaz / m3Vu / day 0.4...0.5- Biogas production, l / kg dry matter 250... 300- Life span, years min.15 1 - primary fermenter, 2 - secondary fermenter, 3 - feeding tube fermentable material;4 - connecting tube, 5 - discharge tube, 6 / 7 - main / secondary fermenter sealing cap;8 - cup feeding tube, 9 - sealing cap for the duct of fermented material; 10 - link belt sealing lids;11 - connecting pipes between fermenters and consumer, 12 - gas valves, 13 - manometer, 14 - gas meter, 15 - shaker

20. THANK YOU VERY MUCH ! http: www.inma.ro email: icsit@inma.ro Contact Person: PhD. Eng. Petronela DRÂMBEI Address: Romania, Bucharest, Postal Code 013813, PO 18, 6, Ion Ionescu de la Brad Blv., Division 1 email: petronela_drambei@yahoo.com