KNR 482 Advanced Biomechanics

1. KNR 482 Advanced Biomechanics Dr. Steve McCaw Horton 227 B www.castonline.ilstu.edu/mccaw

2. Objectives • Develop an awareness of selected literature • understand, interpret and evaluate selected research as it applies to specific problems. • Develop a knowledge and understanding of selected mechanical principles • application to the analysis of both internal and external aspects of human movement. • Develop familiarity with instrumentation and research techniques • understand the limitations associated with the methodologies. • Understand role of biomechanics in sport sciences

3. Who are you? • Why are you here? • Required? Self-selected? • Level of interest in biomechanics? • What skills do you have coming into the class? • What fears do you have coming into the class? • What do you want from this class?

4. Week One Readings: A Philosophic Overview Norman, R. W. K. How to use biomechanical knowledge. In: How to be an effective coach, Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.). Toronto: Manufacturers Life Insurance Company & the Coaching Association of Canada, 1975, pp. 92-111. Stothart, P. What Biomechanics Has to Offer the Coach. Coaching Science Update :29-31, 1980-81. Hart, D. L., W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry. Critically Reading a Research Article. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2:72-76, 1980. Watson, J. (1980): How to Read a Scientific Article. Hoffman, S. J. The contribution of biomechanics to clinical competence: A view from the gymnasium. In: Proceedings 2nd National Symposium on Teaching Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports, Vol., Shapiro, R. and J. R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA: NASPE, 1984, pp. 67-70. Osternig, L. R. Research in athletic training: the missing ingredient. Athletic Training 23:223-225, 1988. Brand, R. A. Can biomechanics contribute to clinical orthopaedic assessments? Iowa Ortho. J. 9:61-64, 1988. Winter, D. A. (1989): Integrated Biomechanics. Knutzen, K. M. and L. Martin. Using biomechanics to explore children's movement. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 14:222-247, 2002.

5. Serve as a Movement Analyst Winter, D. A. (1989): Integrated Biomechanics. Norman, R. W. K. How to use biomechanical knowledge. In: How to be an effective coach, Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.). Toronto: Manufacturers Life Insurance Company & the Coaching Association of Canada, 1975, pp. 92-111. Stothart, P. What Biomechanics Has to Offer the Coach. Coaching Science Update :29-31, 1980-81. Hoffman, S. J. The contribution of biomechanics to clinical competence: A view from the gymnasium. In: Proceedings 2nd National Symposium on Teaching Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports, Vol., Shapiro, R. and J. R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA: NASPE, 1984, pp. 67-70.

6. Biomechanics & Exercise Science Winter, 1989

7. Pete Stothart: Biomechanics & Coaching Skill Analysis Coaching Science Update, 1980-81

8. Shirl Hoffman

9. Shirl Hoffman Bob Norman

10. Bob NormanTen Principles of Biomechanics

11. Biomechanics of skill acquisition Most famous: Roberton’s Stages of Throwing

12. Use angular velocity to compare technique

13. Use angular velocity to compare technique

14. Use angular velocity to compare technique

15. What is the foundation for various fields? Osternig, L. R. Research in athletic training: the missing ingredient. Athletic Training 23:223-225, 1988. Brand, R. A. Can biomechanics contribute to clinical orthopaedic assessments? Iowa Ortho. J. 9:61-64, 1988.

16. A discipline consists of: Practice Education Research • Application of a skill • Transmission of knowledge • Generation of new knowledge Lou Osternig

17. A discipline consists of: Practice Education Research • Application of a skill • Transmission of knowledge • Generation of new knowledge Lou Osternig Art Science

18. Brand • Clinical tests are used to: • Diagnosis: distinguish between diseases • Assessment/evaluation: determine severity • Select among treatment options • Predict prognosis Can biomechanical instrumentation improve these tests?

19. It takes the speed of a technological breakthrough to capture the speed of the horse so that like a machine it can be understood, and this speed is not a change in degree, but a change in kind, a speedup that takes humanity across the threshold into a new world of knowledge and representation. Solnit, Rebecca (2003). River of Shadows: Eadweard Muybridge and the technological wild west. p 179.

20. Osternig

21. Evidence based intervention

22. Osternig Let’s look at ankle stabilizers.

23. Ankle Sprain

24. Support & Sprain Rate Garrick & Requa (1973) Increasing support

25. Linus Pauling When an old and distinguished person speaks to you, listen to him carefully and with respect--but do not believe him. Never put your trust in anything but your own intellect. Your elder, no matter whether he has gray hair or has lost his hair, no matter whether he is a Nobel Laureate, may be wrong...So you must always be skeptical--always think for yourself visionary of science and a prophet of humanity Nobel Prize for Chemistry: 1954 Nobel Peace Prize: 1962

26. Possible stabilizing mechanisms • Controls joint angle at contact • Increases muscle activation • Reinforce the ligament • Increases resistance to motion • Brace redistributes load • absorbs energy to increase safety margin at the joint

27. Konradsen et al (1997) • Inversion: 40o “substantial stress to lateral ligaments”

28. Inversion ROM with activity after taping At all times, inversion > 25º from than anatomic limit.

29. Conclusion Ankle protection lost after 20 minutes since measured ROM returns to unsupported values

30. James G. Garrick and Ralph K. Requa Role of external support in the prevention of ankle sprains Medicine and Science in Sports 1973

31. Effective Ankle Support Restriction only if the limit to ROM will be exceeded

32. Inversion ROM with activity after taping At all times, inversion > 25º from than anatomic limit.

33. Kareem Abdul Jabbar Theory

34. Kareem Abdul Jabbar Theory “Your skeletal system was built to absorb shock. If you bind your ankles, the stress is going to get transferred to the next available joint--your knee”

35. Week One Readings Norman, R. W. K. How to use biomechanical knowledge. In: How to be an effective coach, Vol., Taylor, J. W. (Ed.). Toronto: Manufacturers Life Insurance Company & the Coaching Association of Canada, 1975, pp. 92-111. Stothart, P. What Biomechanics Has to Offer the Coach. Coaching Science Update :29-31, 1980-81. Hart, D. L., W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry. Critically Reading a Research Article. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2:72-76, 1980. Watson, J. (1980): How to Read a Scientific Article. Hoffman, S. J. The contribution of biomechanics to clinical competence: A view from the gymnasium. In: Proceedings 2nd National Symposium on Teaching Kinesiology and Biomechanics in Sports, Vol., Shapiro, R. and J. R. Marett (Eds.). Reston, VA: NASPE, 1984, pp. 67-70. Osternig, L. R. Research in athletic training: the missing ingredient. Athletic Training 23:223-225, 1988. Brand, R. A. Can biomechanics contribute to clinical orthopaedic assessments? Iowa Ortho. J. 9:61-64, 1988. Winter, D. A. (1989): Integrated Biomechanics. Knutzen, K. M. and L. Martin. Using biomechanics to explore children's movement. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 14:222-247, 2002.

36. Why we measure what we do. Winter, 1989

37. Reading Research Hart, D. L., W. R. Poston, and J. F. Perry. Critically Reading a Research Article. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 2:72-76, 1980. Watson, J. (1980): How to Read a Scientific Article.

38. Reading Research • Read the abstract: set your expectations • Look at the pictures (figures, graphs) • synthesize with the abstract • Refer to the methods • describe how measures were made and who they were made on. • Let’s get critical • are conclusions supported by the results • are results valid (based on methods) • Read the introduction • Note how PURPOSE builds from the literature • Read the discussion (Casa, 2001) • Integrate, interpret, implications, identify, ideas Reflect. Reread. Reflect some more.

39. For next week • Research on landings, 2 papers • DeVita & Skelly • McCaw & Cerullo