Integrated Air Quality Management at City Level:

1. Integrated Air Quality Management at City Level: PUNE CITY Srinivas Bonala

2. City Profile • Population as 2001 census -2.697 Millions • Density (persons/ sq km) -10,657 • No of Households - 623,056 • Average Household size - 4.42 • Length of road network - 1000 kms • Vehicles regd in PMA (2003) -1.354 Millions (PMC- 1.057 millions & PCMC - 0.297 Millions) • Avg. new veh. registrations/day- 400 (app.. 100,000 new per annum) • No of PMT buses - 847

3. City Manifests Problems Such As…… • increased traffic congestion, • reduced driving speed, • increased environmental pollution and • degradation of quality of life • Capacity of many intersections has been exhaustedThe central city is experiencing capacity gaps, parking problems, low-speed travel, increased congestion, environmental pollution leading to worsening air quality.

4. First Corporation to Prepare ESR ( 1995 -96) in India 9th Report Covers Issues Pertaining to…… • Air quality, land use, health, noise, housing, sanitation, greenery, slums, traffic&transport etc., • It outlines PMC’s priorities for current year • Priorities are based on facts & figures, sometimes experiences • No emphasis on domestic, agricultural, construction and industrial pollution • Inadequate health impact data

5. Air Quality Action Plan-2002 • Court directives to prepare action plan to improve air quality with respect to vehicular pollution (May 2002) • Prepared action plan in consultation with RTO and MPCB • First attempt was made to estimate vehicular, industrial & domestic pollution • Road map on emission norms, fuel quality, steps to curb pollution from vehicles in use and control on registration of certain kind vehicles

6. Hindrances Faced…. • Lack of validated and appropriate data • Ad hoc approach to air quality management plan and strategies • Multitude of agencies. Lack of effective coordination and communication.

7. The Pune Approach…… Marching towards science based AQM model • Brainstorming workshop on of air quality management held on Sept. 12-13, 2001 in Delhi attended by rep from MoEF, CPCB, State PCBs, academic institutions and USEPA. • Pune selected as demo city for undertaking Urban Air Pollution Control Strategy Development by MoEF & USEPA. • USAEP is strategic partner to USEPA in implementing this project and work started in Pune in December 2002 • PMC with facilitation from USAEP made Pune member of CAI-Asia in FY 2003 • A core-group has been formed consisting of various stakeholders Core group has prepared a draft “Air Quality Management Programme (AQMP)” with the following building blocks:

8. Process for Improving Air Quality

9. New Urban Air Quality Management Initiative • Start-to-finish control strategy development project in one city in India • 2-3 years duration • EPA provides training/assistance • Project tasks completed by groups in India • Focus on particulate matter (PM-10) • Science-based Action Plan to be developed Funding and Facilitative support from USEPA and USAEP/USAID to develop and implement the project in Pune

10. New Urban Air Quality Management Initiative • Strong training component – training transfer • ambient air monitoring (source apportionment and permanent networks) • emission inventories (point, area, mobile – IVEM) • dispersion modeling • control strategy evaluation and selection • health impacts assessment • Training and field activity

11. Activities Completed International Vehicle Emission Model (IVEM) MOBILE SOURCE INVENTORY • Assisted by University of California – Riverside team • IVEM model was based on vehicle technology distribution, driving pattern, time and number of vehicle engine starts for Highway, arterial and residential areas. • IVEM Field Study held in Pune, March 2003 • UCR provided training and assistance • Data gathered by Indian groups (Pune Municipal Corporation, ARAI, Univ. of Pune, SIAM, and others) • Final report issued June 2003 Developed most comprehensive mobile source emissions inventory in India to date

12. Block Estimates From The IVEM model

13. Comparison Daily Emission Estimates by CIRT & IVEM (tonnes/day)

14. Activities Completed 2 Key Activities – Source Apportionment and Ambient Air Monitoring • Ambient Monitoring • EPA team delivered training, September 2003 • Strong data analysis emphasis • Pune field study, September 2003 • Source Apportionment • Training delivered September 2003 • Field study scheduled in Feb 2005

15. Activities Completed Air Monitoring Training and Field Study TOPICS COVERED : Quality assurance project plan. • Data quality objectives • Sampling and analysis plan. • Quality control/assurance • Data analysis Air Pollution Chemistry: • Sample Collection • Data analysis. • Site visit to monitoring stations.

16. Evaluation of 5 Monitoring Stations in Pune by EPA team • Relocate 3 samplers from roads & retain two • Add at least 1 co-located meteorological station • Put all sites on the regular schedules(1-in-3 days or 1-in-6 days) • Implement coordinated QA/QC plan • Conduct sampler inter-comparison study • Modify laboratory / filter- weighing procedures • Implement coordinated data analysis program

17. Activities Completed Pune Regional Emission Inventory Study, March 16-24 , 2004 • Diverse team of 40 participants from various governmental and educational institutes participated in the study. • This was the first ever attempt to prepare comprehensive emission estimates for Pune region and it is the first of its kind in India. • The documentation and results are available on www.unipune.ernet.in/dept/env.

20. Activities Planned Proposed Source Apportionment Project Procedures • Deploy 12-15 portable battery operated mini Vol samplers at key sites for a 3 weeks period • Samplers can be calibrated to monitor PM2.5 and PM10 • Collect PM samples during high pollution season • Conduct basic chemical specification analysis • Conduct gravimetric mass PM10 and PM2.5 analysis • Analysis performed in US and India

21. Activities Planned AIR QUALITY MODELING • Training module is being developed • Focus on dispersion modeling for PM-10 • Modeling dependent on development of quality inventories • Team being assembled from EPA headquarter and Regional staff to support training and field efforts in Pune

22. Activities Planned Control Strategy Development • Workshop on control strategy development techniques being developed • will discuss how monitoring, emissions inventories, modeling come together • will include cost/benefits analysis • focus on PM-10 control technologies and evaluation techniques • Health Assessment Tools- Jan 2005.

23. Other Projects of USEPA and USAEP • Undertaking demo diesel retrofit project for heavy vehicles • Demo project for promoting LPG in Pune

24. Expected Project Outcomes • Development of ability to develop science-based action plans – systemic approach • Transfer of training modules to India • Development of robust air quality assessment tools • Create model Action Plan for Pune as example for other cities in India

25. Other Initiatives………… • PMC with facilitation from USAEP made Pune member of CAI-Asia in FY 2003 • Pune also selected by CAI-Asia to undertake “PSUTA” project

26. Other Initiatives………… Work Undertaken by PMC and RTO • Preparation of ‘Comprehensive traffic and transportation plan’. • Area Traffic Control System to be implemented with the help of C-DAC & Dept. of Information & Technology. • Road development such as concretization of roads etc. • Plans to renew the fleet of buses and introduce LPG buses in the PMT fleet and catalytic converter. • Restriction on movement of certain kind of vehicles

27. Other Initiatives………… • Ban on plying of heavy vehicles in the central area of the city during daytime.( Ban is effective on 17 selected routes) • Construction of various projects of fly-overs, ROBs. (Out of 12 earmarked projects, 1 flyover completed, 2 in progress.) • Phasing out old municipal transport buses. ( 200 new buses replaced, hiring of 135 buses in progress) • Environmental Education program : Awareness program for school children initiated through NGO’s . • IRDP (Integrated Road Development Program) and ambitious program of Rs. 10000 Million to develop international standard roads • Free pollution check up camps and exhibitions held regularly.

28. Other Initiatives………… • Study on “Air Quality Monitoring and emission source apportionment studies by IOC and ARAI. Development of emission factors for different transport vehicles. • MPCB has undertaken steps for development of action plan as per “Supreme Court” directive for 3 cities in Maharashtra I.e. Mumbai, Pune and Solapur. • Awareness campaign by NGO’s. • Traffic management measures initiated by Traffic Police Dept.

29. This All Was Not Possible Without……… Effective coordination, support and cooperation of local network of stakeholders • PMC ( Pune Municipal Corporation) • UoP (University of Pune) • RTA ( Road Transport Authority) • Traffic Police Department. • MPCB (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board) • ARAI ( Automotive Research Association of India) • SIAM ( Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers) • C-DAC ( Centre for Development in Advanced Computing) • MCCIA (Maratha Chambers of Commerce and Industries • NGO’s like NIRDHAR • IIT, NEERI, Oil Companies

30. LOCAL NETWORK OF STAKEHOLDERS • We have formed local network of stakeholders under the CAI-Asia program with facilitative support from US-AEP/USAID • Organized various meetings to prepare the draft “Implementation Plan”. • Set up AQM cell in PMC

31. AQM Cell and Its responsibilities • Develop roadmap for implementation of action plan with assigned responsibilities for the stakeholders. • Get the same approved by the stakeholders • Coordinate, facilitate and implement the action plan • Organize monthly review meetings to brief the stakeholders on the work undertaken and take guidance from them • Undertake awareness campaigns and technical training programs on air quality management.

32. SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CELL • The cell can generate revenues through organizing various technical training programs • But the primary objective of the cell is to develop, facilitate and implement the roadmap to achieve better air quality in Pune, hence The Pune Municipal Corporation committed to develop a self sustainable AQM cell in next 5 years. US-AEP’s funding support for AQM cell for a year

33. Thank You