5.6 - Characteristic Physical Properties

1. 5.6 - Characteristic Physical Properties

2. UNIQUE • Physical properties are used to describe substances. Most are NOT useful for identifying the substance. • However certain physical properties are _____________ to each ________ substance. These properties are called __________________________________________________________. You can use these properties to distinguish ____________________ pure substances. • You will learn about three: DENSITY, freezing/melting point, and boiling point. PURE CHARACTERISTICS PHYISCAL PROPERTIES between

3. DENSITY – ___________________________________________________________________ the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter

4. The densities of PURE liquids & solids are __________________ (see table top right) CONSTANT Every PURE element or pure compound has a _____________________ DENSITY! Thus, density can be used to ________________________ substances OR determine the ___________________ of a substance. SPECIFIC IDENTIFY PURITY

5. How do we Measure… scale triple balance beam • Mass  use a _____________________or an electronic ______ • Volume  use a ____________ cylinder and an _____________ ( 1 mL = 1 cubic cm ) graduated overflow can

6. Terminology how close a measurement or calculation comes to the true value • ACCURACY – _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ • PRECISION – ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe the exactness of a measuring device (precise devices give the same result each time)

7. Freezing Point (FP) / Melting Point (MP) liquid solid • The temperature at which a substance turns from a _______________ into a ____________, or melts from a _____________ into a __________________. • Different substances freeze/melt at different ___________________________. • Melting points are extremely important when dealing with metals that have important purposes, an example being _________________________________. solid liquid temperatures light bulbs

8. Boiling Point (BP) • Def. Temperature at which a liquid suddenly turns into a _________ * We can use MP, FP, and BP to distinguish between different pure substances just like we can use density gas

9. Measuring Volume • There are 2 methods commonly used to measure volume. • a) Using a ____________ and the Mathematical Equation RULER

10. Measuring Volume Formula a b

11. DISPLACEMENT graduated overflow This curved effect is called the ___________________ • b) Using the _____________________ method – using a ___________________ cylinderiand/or an ______________ canii MENISCUS Is the volume of the water only 50mL or 52mL? 2mL Volume of SPONGE BOB= ___________ mL

12. ii. Overflow can is filled with water (grad. cylinder is in place to catch the spillage). Wait until the water has settled (stopped dripping), and empty whatever spillage flowed into the graduated cylinder. Now we can test our object!