Concept Map!

1. Concept Map! Unit Name:Propagation Unit EQ: Why is plant propagation so important in the Horticulture Industry? Vocab: EQs: 1. What would happen if plants were not able to reproduce?

2. Sexual Propagation of Plants Sexual Reproduction Overview

3. Warm Up • How do plants sexual reproduce without being able to move?

4. Essential Question • What would happen is plants were not able to reproduce?

5. Why are plants so important? • Plants are essential to life on Earth. • Ecological Producers • Food, Shelter, Oxygen • Humans relied on plants throughout history • Food, Fiber • Present day • Better understanding of plant reproduction = better larger crops!

6. Where are the Plants?

7. Corn Production Projections 2009 and beyond

8. Sexual Reproduction • Definition: male sperm carried in the pollen unites with the female egg within a flower. • Male + Female = Seed • Male Gamete + Female Gamete = Seed • Seed = plant embryo! • Both Male and Female parts provide genetic information to give to the seed.

9. Remember Mendel! • Gregor Mendel THE FATHER OF GENETICS • 1822-1884 • Priest • Study the inheritance traits in pea plants • Not recognized until the 20th century

10. What did Mendel Study?

11. Hybrids • Hybrid: offspring that result from a new combination of genes • Allowed for people to greatly improve agriculture crops.

12. Where is this information stored? • ON GENES! • Located on chromosomes • Diploid • Normal plant cells, pair of chromosomes • Haploid • Reproductive cells , Sperm and Egg have single chromosome in each

13. Please take 15 minutes to copy this diagram into your notes. It will be stamped! AKA VERY IMPORTANT • Label which is a normal plant cell and which makes a sex cell

14. Fertilization • Definition: unites the single chromosome in the sperm nucleus with the single chromosome in the egg nucleus. • Fertilized egg joined with sperm makes a diploid cell called a zygote • 2nd sperm unites with nuclei of embryo sac to form the endosperm

16. Seed DiagramEndosperm provides FOOD!

17. Pollination Review • Pollination: Male sperm (pollen) contact the female part of the flower (stigma) • Self Pollination: pollen on a plant pollinates flower on the same plant • Cross Pollination: the pollen of a • plant pollinates the flower on another plant of the same species

18. Activity • Pollination Crossword • Pollination Library Activity . • Please answer questions 1, 2 and 3

19. Concept Map! Unit Name:Propagation Unit EQ: Why is plant propagation so important in the Horticulture Industry? Vocab: EQs: 1. What would happen if plants were not able to reproduce? 2. Why are seeds important to plant propagation?

20. Sexual Propagation of Plants Seed Anatomy and Purpose

21. Warm Up • Can you name any of the seeds we eat?

22. Essential Question • Why are seeds important to plant propagation?

23. Why are seeds important? • Help plants survive bad weather • Cold Winters • Helps plants “travel” • Carried by abiotic and biotic vectors

24. Monocot SeedPlease Copy into your notes.

25. Dicot Seed Please copy into your notes.

26. Seeds • Develop in the pistil of the plant • Develops from the ovule • Living thing! • Once fertilized zygote grows forming the embryo of the seed

27. Seed Embryo (please draw in notes) • Has parts of a complete plant • Leaves • Epicotyl , plumule • Stems • Hypocotyl • Roots • Radicle • FOOD • Endosperm, or cotyledon

28. Seed Embryo Anatomy • Radicle : the lower end of the hypocotyl that forms the first root of the plant. • Emerges 1st at the start of germination • Hypocotyl: develops into true stem • Epicotyl/Plumule: first leaves!

29. Seed Embryo Anatomy • Endosperm: provides food for growing seed embryo • Cotyledons: store food absorbed from the endosperm when the seed was formed • Seed Coat: surrounds the seed and protects it from injury and dehydration

30. Activity • Plant Life Cycle Crossword • Review Quiz 1 : Understanding Sexual Reproduction

31. Propagation of Plants Propagation Plants Sexually Overview

32. Warm Up • Can you tell which plants are made by humans?

33. Essential Question • How does the ability to sexually produce seeds benefit a plant?

34. Remember? • Sexual Reproduction: involves the union of the male pollen with the female egg and results in the formation of a seed. • How is it beneficial? • Allows the plant to make new combinations of genetic information • Adds VIGOR • Increased health

35. How does this happen? • Many plants reproduce naturally • How? • Special accommodations to attract vectors • Remember what a Vector is? • Abiotic: Wind , Gravity, Rain • Biotic: Birds, Bats, Bees • How has this plant attracted the humming bird? Is there anything special you notice about the plant?

36. Embryo Plant • Forms into adult mature plant • Embryo plant + stored food source = SEED • Seed holds everything the embryo plant needs for the start to life and growth • Remember what the seed contains? • Embryo plant, endosperm (the stored food) and is surrounded by a protective shell, the seed coat.

37. Remember the Vocabulary? • The embryo plant within a seed is the result of a fertilized egg or zygote. • The embryo plant that results from this new combination of genetic information is known as a hybrid.

38. NEW TO KNOW • NEW TO KNOW! • Seeds are designed to wait until the conditions are favorable to begin growth. Therefore, the embryo plant is in a dormant or resting phase while inside the seed.

39. Stages of Seed Growth: Copy for your Notes

40. Seed Stage Mix Up! • You are presented with a photo, group of words, or both. • Please put yourself in the correct order to follow the proper stages of seed germination and growth

41. Activities • Please START your Review Quiz # 2 . Will finish it completely after tomorrow's lecture

42. Lib Activity • Research a Vector: Picture with 1 paragraph double spaced • Insect, Bird, Mammal • Tell me: What is the vector? Where does it live? How does it pollinate plants? Do any plants have adaptations to attract the vector? ( Color, Size, Shape?) Why is your vector attracted to the plant(s)?

43. Propagation of Plants Review Germination

44. Warm Up • Make a Concept Map or Word Web connecting words that are related. On the line you made connecting 2 words, write their relationship. • EXAMPLE: ZYGOTE-----is a--------_________? • Zygote, Hybrid, Dormant, Embryo Plant, Seed Coat, Germination, Hypocotyl , Radicle, Haploid, Dipolid, Gregor Mendel, Sexual Reproduction

45. Essential Question • What is germination and what conditions are necessary for germination to occur in a seed?

46. Germination Quick Review • Starts at the end of the period of dormancy for the embryo plant that occurs when favorable conditions are present for growth • Seedling Plant grows • has a root system, stem, and leaves to produce the food necessary for the growing plant.

47. Seedling Plant

48. Germination • Definition: process by which an embryo plant inside the seed changes into a developing seedling • Crops grown from seeds: soybean, corn, cotton and other vegetables !

49. Germination: Steps • Step 1: Absorption of Water! • By Diffusion • Pressure Builds • Pressure in seed (and adult plant) is called TURGOR • Seed ruptures • Step 2: Radicle Emerges • First root/tap root

50. What’s Required? • WATER! • Optimum temperature • 55 and 70 degrees F • Oxygen • Too much water can suffocate the plant • Some require Stratification • A period of cold temperature • Broken seed coat • Digestive Bacteria, eaten by an animal, Frozen then thawed