1 / 23

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR. FOUR MAIN CAUSES. 1. Slavery Moral v. Political issue 2. Constitutional Disputes Federal government v. states rights 3. Economic differences Industrialization v. agriculture 4. Political extremism-new parties. WESTERN TERRITORIES.

fritzi
Download Presentation

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

  2. FOUR MAIN CAUSES • 1. Slavery • Moral v. Political issue • 2. Constitutional Disputes • Federal government v. states rights • 3. Economic differences • Industrialization v. agriculture • 4. Political extremism-new parties

  3. WESTERN TERRITORIES • Free Soil Movement-believed slavery should be prohibited in the Mexican Cession • South viewed any attempts to restrict slavery as a violation of their Constitutional rights • Popular Sovereignty • Lewis Cass • Let the people in the territory decide whether or not to have slaves

  4. ELECTION OF 1848 • Democrats-Lewis Cass • Whigs-Zachary Taylor • Mexican War hero • Free Soil-Martin Van Buren • Taylor wins

  5. ZACHARY TAYLOR1849-1850

  6. CALIFORNIA • 1849-Beginning of gold rush • 100,000 settlers • No law and order • Drafts a state constitution that banned slavery • Taylor supports annexation • South threatens to secede • Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay

  7. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • 1. Admit California as free state • 2. Divided Mexican Cession into two territories (NM & UT) • 3. Popular Sovereignty • 4. Disputed land between Texas and New Mexico went to New Mexico • 5. Federal Government assumes $10 million of Texas debt • 6. Slave trade banned in Washington DC • 7. New Fugitive Slave Law

  8. COMPROMISE OF 1850 • Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, & John C. Calhoun-major debates • All die before decided • Pres. Taylor (opposed) also dies • Millard Fillmore (supported) quickly passes Compromise • Most controversial aspects-popular sovereignty & fugitive slave law

  9. MILLARD FILLMORE • 1850-1853 • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty • 1850 • Canal in Central America

  10. ELECTION OF 1852 • Whigs-Winfield Scott • Mexican War hero • Ignored slavery issue-focused on internal improvements • Democrats-Franklin Pierce • Supported Fugitive Slave Law-accepted in south • Pierce won all but four states • Decline in Whig party

  11. FRANKLIN PIERCE1853-1857

  12. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT • Need a transcontinental railroad • Stephen Douglas (senator from IL) wants it to go through Chicago • Needs the support of southern politicians • 1854-Kansas-Nebraska Act • Popular Sovereignty in the Kansas & Nebraska Territories • Repeals the Missouri Compromise line

  13. NEW POLITICAL PARTY • Republican Party • 1854 • Created in direct response to the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Made up of Free-Soilers, anti-slavery Whigs, & anti-slavery Democrats • Called for the repeal of the Kansas-Nebraska Act & the Fugitive Slave Law • Against the spread of slavery to the territories

  14. OSTEND MANIFESTO • Pierce instructs the ambassador to Spain to buy Cuba from the Spanish • They turn down offer • Pierce orders James Buchanan to write document (Ostend Manifesto) • If Spain does not sell Cuba, the US will take by force • Press finds out and leaks idea to American Public • Popular idea in South • Angers North & West • Never given to Spain

  15. ELECTION OF 1856 • Republicans-John C. Fremont • Platform-no expansion of slavery, free homesteads, & protective tariff • Democrats-James Buchanan • Not connected with the Kansas-Nebraska Act • “Know Nothings”-Millard Fillmore • Won 20% of popular vote • Buchanan wins the popular & electoral vote • Fremont carried 11 of 16 free states

  16. JAMES BUCHANAN1857-1861

  17. “BLEEDING KANSAS” • Aftermath of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Both sides send in settlers • Violence erupts • Two capitals • Lecompton-proslavery • Topeka-antislavery • Democratic party splits between north & south

  18. DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD • Dred Scott-slave taken to live in a free state, sued for his freedom • Appealed to the Supreme Court • Decision given in March 1857 • 1. Dred Scott had no right to sue-not a citizen, furthermore all blacks were not citizens • 2. Congress had no right to take away property, if slaves property, then Congress could not exclude slavery from any state • 3. Repealed the Missouri Compromise • Southerners delighted • Northerners shocked-blamed all Democrats

  19. ELECTION OF 1858 • Congressional election • Lincoln-Douglas Debates • “House Divided” speech • Republicans win many seats • Bad news for the south

  20. RAID AT HARPERS FERRY • October 1859-Virginia • John Brown led a slave revolt • Tried to take over federal arsenal • Killed 7 • Federal troops led by Gen. Robert E. Lee captured • Brown & 6 others tried & hanged • Seen as martyr

  21. ELECTION OF 1860 • Republicans-Abraham Lincoln • Democrats split • Northern-Stephen Douglas • Southern-John Breckinridge • New Party-Constitutional Union-John Bell • South threatened to secede if Lincoln elected • Lincoln carried every free state • 59% of electoral vote • 40% of popular vote • Breckinridge carried the deep south

  22. SECESSION • Dec. 1860-South Carolina secedes • Within 6 weeks-7 more states secede • Feb. 1861-Created the Confederate States of America • Established Montgomery, AL as capital • Elected Jefferson Davis as President

  23. CRITTENDEN COMPROMISE • President did nothing to stop the southern secession • Last ditch effort by Congress • Crittenden Compromise • Reenact the Missouri Compromise line in west • Lincoln did not support

More Related