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McCulloch through Brown

Explore the landmark Supreme Court decisions of McCulloch v. Maryland, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Tinker v. Des Moines, and Miranda v. Arizona. Understand their impact on federalism, equal protection, free speech, and due process rights.

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McCulloch through Brown

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  1. McCulloch through Brown 3 Supreme Court Decisions

  2. McCulloch V Maryland (1819) • Battle over States v Federal Power (Federalism) • Issue: What does the “necessary and proper” clause of Article I mean? • Decision: • Federal Law is Supreme to States • Necessary and Proper Clause gives implied powers to Congress • If the ends are necessary, the means are constitutional • “A Constitution intended to endure for ages…”

  3. Plessy v Ferguson (1896) • Is Racial Segregation legal? Can Separate be Equal? • Issue: What is the meaning of the 14th amendment? (Equal Protection under the Law) • Decision: • Political equality and Social Equality are distinctly different • 14th Amendment grants political equality, not social equality • Dissent: • “The thin disguise of ‘equal’ accommodations for passengers in railroad coaches will not mislead anyone, nor atone for the wrong this day done.”

  4. Brown v Board of Education (1954) • Sweatt v Painter (1950) had already admitted African American students to previously segregated University of Texas Law School • No equal facility existed • Issue: Did the Court get Plessy right? • Decision: • “In the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place.” • Segregation with the sanction of law is psychologically detrimental to African Americans

  5. Tinker v Des Moines (1969) • Students wanted to protest involvement in the Vietnam War. • Issue: What constitutes “free speech”? • Decision: • The armbands worn by the students was protected “speech”. • “It can hardly be argued that students… shed their constitutional rights…at the schoolhouse gate.” • Dissent: • Protest cannot legally disrupt school routine and classwork. • “The right to swing your fist ends at the tip of my nose.”

  6. Miranda v Arizona (1966) • Miranda was interrogated for 2 hours without being advised of his right to counsel or his right to remain silent. He confessed to kidnapping and rape. • Issue: • 5th Amendment protection from self-incrimination • When is a confession legal? • Decision: • While in custody, people make poor decisions due to high stress, therefore safeguards MUST be employed. • This decision ONLY applies to suspects under interrogation

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