Didier COULOMB Director of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR)

1. International standards in refrigeration and air conditioningTheir importance in the HPMP processWednesday, July 16, 2014UNESCO Paris Didier COULOMBDirector of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR)

2. Plan 1) Presentation of the IIR 2) Refrigeration and safety 3) Standards and regulations 4) National, regional and international systems 5) ISO 5149 and ISO 817: the challenges

3. The IIR

4. The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), an independent intergovernmental science and technology based organization, promotes refrigeration knowledge and associated technologies that improve quality of lifein a cost effective and environmentally sustainable manner including: • Food qualityand safety from farm to consumer • Comfort in homes and commercial buildings • Health products and services • Low temperature technology and liquefied gas technology • Energy efficiency • Use of non-ozone-depleting and low global warming refrigerants in a safe manner

5. 60member countries worldwide 500experts 600corporate and private members www.iifiir.org

6. Services: Fridoc, a refrigeration portal with over 100,000referencesJournals: the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR – the bestscientificjournal in its field!),IIR Newsletter, books, Informatory Notes, and Statements. Activities: Conferences Working Parties Research Projects Preparation of Standards

7. Increasing needs of refrigerationIncreasing energy and environmental challenges www.iifiir.org

8. Refrigeration and Safety • The replacement of current HCFCs and HFCs: • CO2 • Ammonia • Hydrocarbons • Low GWP HFCs, HFOs • Others •  Safety issues: • Different designs • Accidents possibilities without safety measures

9. Refrigeration and Safety • Current regulations often not adapted • technical evolutions • the need to replace current HCFCs and HFCs • Barriers for the current solutions • Countries started to revise them (USA/ hydrocarbons, France / ammonia …) • Standards discussions / class A2L • These decisions will influence the global market of refrigerants •  Looking at standards as well as regulations is needed

10. Standards and Regulations • A standard is a voluntary commitment from private companies. However, they often are similar to a regulation. • Many regulations are based on adopted standards • Standard organizations are thus public bodies or associations at national, regional (ex.: the EU) and international levels. • Participants to the definition of standards are experts, particularly from important companies. • Building a standard is a long and huge work; they also must be similar all over the world. • The challenges for a country: • Participating to the definition of the standards in order to represent its interest • Adopting the standards already built. •  Looking at standards as well as regulations is needed

11. Standards and Regulations • Participating to the definition of the standards: • very useful, especially for local companies • however, difficult for many developing countries. • Adapting and adopting international standards is necessary. • It needs in any case a cooperation between governments and professionals (associations of refrigeration industries…). • Ozone officers should encourage these associations to work with them and other national bodies.

12. National, Regional and International Systems • National systems: (More or less linked with governments) • Japanese Standards Associations (JSA) • Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) • Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (EOS) • Standardization Administration of China (SAC), • American National Standards Institute (ANSI). • “more than national” systems: • American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). • Regional systems: • ComitéEuropéen de Normalisation (CEN), (+ CENELEC).

13. National, Regional and International Systems • International systems: • International Standardization Organization (ISO) • (+ International ElectrotechnicalCommission = IEC) • for all kinds of products and systems of production (environmental management systems …). • A coordination between electricity standards and other standards (CEN – CENELEC, ISO-IEC) and between technical committees of these organizations.

14. National, Regional and International Systems • A complex organization, in order to avoid overlaps. • ISO: about 20 000 standards and 300 committees. • For refrigeration and air conditioning: TC 86 (however, others are interesting: TC 59 on Performance of household and similar electrical appliances, TC 61 of the IEC; The IEC has less members than ISO….) • Within TC86, there are sub committees, particularly: • SC1 (Safety and Environmental Requirements for Refrigerating Systems and Heat Pumps). • SC8: Refrigerants and Refrigeration Lubricants. • The sub committees often build one or several working groups to prepare a standard. • (similar processes at other levels).

15. National, Regional and International Systems • The ISO: formed in 1947 with 162 countries. • At the beginning: developed countries; progressively more developing countries however, certain are still not members. • Several memberships: • member body • correspondent member • subscriber member • Members are national organizations. • Only full members have voting rights. • Costs and possibilities of influence vary according to the status chosen.

16. National, Regional and International Systems • The process (ISO): • A national body proposes a new standard or a revision of a standard to the relevant committee • Set up of a working group with representatives of industry and other experts •  • Preparation of a draft standard • Revision by the technical committee and the secretariat • The draft is shared with all national members who make comments • New works if not enough votes for a text • Publication of the standard.

17. National, Regional and International Systems • Language for the work: English, but official final translations in French and Russian • In some cases, the draft standard is inspired by a national standard (ex.: ASHRAE…..) • In other cases, national or regional standards are built in parallel with ISO standards (CEN). • In others, the adoption of a national standard follows the adoption of the international standard. • However, the duration is several years. Afterwards, national regulations can refer to standards.

18. ISO 5149 and ISO 817: the challenges • There are several ISO standards related to refrigeration and air conditioning. • The main important ones regarding safety challenges are: • ISO 5149: on Mechanical refrigerating systems used for cooling and heating-safety requirements. • ISO 817: on Refrigerants – Designation and safety classification. • ISO 5149: has recently been revised with some difficulties (previously published in 1993; revision started in 2002)= issues of charge limits for flammable refrigerants….

19. ISO 5149 and ISO 817: the challenges • ISO 817: Previously published in 2005, was revised with the delicate issue of the class A2L. • The blends: more and more to classify. • Constraints on natural refrigerants are also an issue in these standards as well as corresponding regional and national standards. •  Evolutions on refrigerants are rapid; thus, new amendments are and will be presented in the near future regarding safety conditions.

20. Conclusion • Standards are a really important issue. • Countries must adopt standards in order to avoid accidents. • They must be built in connection with the industries. • They must be evolutive; participating to international discussions is a way to rapidly evolve.

21. Conclusion • To know more: • The UNEP guide • The IIR papers: conference Gustav Lorentzen in Hangzhou (China), August 31 – September 2, 2014….

22. Thank you! • Visit : www.iifiir.org • #refrigeration