Gender Scoping Study Report Presentation __________________________________________

1. Gender Scoping Study Report Presentation__________________________________________ Holiday Inn, Harare 24 April 2007 By New Dimensions Consultancy Pty & George Zimbizi Supported By

2. Outline of the Report Presentation • Introduction • Objectives of the Research • Objectives of the Workshop • The Research Process • Key Findings of the Research • Key Recommendations of the Research • The way foward

3. 1. Introduction • The GSS was conceived out of a realisation by major funding partners & key interested stakeholders that the gender movement in Zimbabwe is fragmented and not clearly coordinated thereby making it difficult for one to have a clear overview picture of what institutions/organisations are doing, where and with whose/ what support.

4. 2. Objectives of the Research • The Gender Scoping Study was undertaken to identify key dimensions and gaps of gender inequality and how best to support and coordinate the gender sector. Broadly the study was undertaken to: • Identify key dimensions of gender inequality and gaps in Zimbabwe and how best to support effective responses

5. 3. Objectives of the Workshop • To present the Key Research Findings and Key Recommendations of the Gender Scoping Study • To discuss the way forward for the gender sector

6. Inception Report Start Date 13 February 2007 Collection and Review of Relevant Gender Documents Development of Data Collection Tools Data Collection Database/Data Entry platform Development, Data Entry, Coding, Cleaning and Analysis Questionnaire Administration to 79 NGOs Stakeholder workshops in Bulawayo (37 orgs-66 participants), Harare (32 orgs-44 Participants), and Mutare (10 orgs-30 participants) 22 Key Informant Interviews with Donors, Government, Civil Society and UN Agencies Validation meeting and Discussion of the report outline with Donors Presentation of the GSS Report at the Stakeholders Workshop (24 April 2007) Presentation of the Zero Draft to the Joint Donor Steering Group Report Writing 4. The Research Process

7. 5. Limitations of the Research ___________________________________ • Time constraints for planning workshops and setting up key informant interviews; • Non availability of some key informants; • Limited geographical coverage (Harare, Bulawayo and Mutare); • Non return of questionnaires even after several follow up attempts • Participants felt the questionnaire was too long; • Limited time for discussions during the actual workshops; • Lack of grassroots women and men’s concerns; • Lack of participation by International NGOs (only 20% of the targeted International NGOs responded versus 55.7% response rate for local NGOs); • Failure to interview refugee organisations such as UNHCR; and • Civil Society Organizations failure to provide funding related information due to confidentiality issues.

8. 6. Key Findings of the Study 6.1. Key Stakeholders in the Gender Sector who participated in this study

9. 6.1.1 SWOT Analysis of Government

10. 6.1.2 SWOT Analysis for UN Agencies

11. 6.1.3 SWOT ANALYSIS FOR DONORS

12. 6.1.4 SWOT Analysis of Local & International NGOs WEAKNESSES Lack of a common understanding of key gender concept such as mainstreaming and definition of gender 2. Some international NGOs have an identity crisis, as they are both donors and implementers. They at times compete with local NGOs for funding. 3. Lack of coordination has resulted in competition for resources and lack of common purpose and agenda. 4. Lack of financial and human resources capacity. Most of the local gender NGOs have lost key staff as they go abroad in search of greener pastures owing to the harsh economic environment. Some of the staff has been “poached” by international NGOs. Some of the NGOs being led by fresh college graduates with very limited experience. 5. Focus is mainly on urban areas at the expense of rural areas. Some of the women’s NGOs now being viewed as elitist. 6. Exclusion of men within the gender/women’s movement has overlooked the role of men as agents of change. 7. Lack of M&E frameworks to monitor and evaluate impact. Over 65% of interviewed NGOs did not have an M&E system. 8. Limited focus on key gender aspects of women and disability, youths and vocational training, post exposure prophylaxis for victims of rape, women’s economic empowerment, human trafficking, displaced populations and women and access to health services. STRENGHTS • Some international NGOs have resources and can draw from international experiences • Local NGOs have a strong advocacy and lobbying base having successfully lobbied for a National Gender Policy and the DVA. OPPORTUNITIES 1. The GSS, ZUNDAF and the Women’s Coalition initiative provides an opportunity for the local NGOs to be better coordinated. THREATS 1.Decrease in funding from the donors is more likely to be the case if current funding trends continue. 2. Current harsh economic environment a threat to the operations of NGOs. The high rate of inflation (at over 2000%) reduces real value of funds resulting in reduced impact. 3. Loss of institutional memory as more and more local NGO staff leave to go abroad or to join international NGOs which are better paying. This is likely to be the fact in the wake of decreased funding. 4. The Women’s Coalition likely to collapse or weaken if members are politically patronized especially in view of national elections to be held next year in 2008. 5. Some of the NGOs deemed to be anti-government might find themselves de-registered resulting in them failing to complete their projects.

13. 73 Empowerment Coalition building 85 23 Disability 95 Education, Culture, Religion and Socialization 92 Reproductive health and sexual rights and HIV/AIDS 87 Constitutional and Legal Issues 91 Economic Issues 89 Human Rights-gender based violence 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % of Respondents Dimensions of Gender Inequality in Zimbabwe 6.2. Key Dimensions of Gender Inequality in Zimbabwe____________________________________

14. Key Dimensions Ctd 1 • Culture, religion and socialisation- • patriarchal attitudes (forced marriages, men’s superiority versus women subservience, wife inheritance), • masculinity and femininity (dominance of men over women.) • Statutory and customary law – • gaps in the constitution e.g. bill of rights • dichotomy between statutory and customary laws • Lack of awareness of rights and provisions of the law • Implementation • Women’s rights and gender-based violence • Domestic violence • Sexual abuse • Psychological abuse • Economic abuse • Economic empowerment • Participation in the formal and informal sectors • Decline in the national economic performance-what has it led to?

15. Key Dimensions Ctd 2 • Education • Enrolment & Access • Health and reproductive/sexual rights • Decline in health service delivery • HIV and AIDS. • Sexual reproductive rights • Policy and advocacy • Access • Knowledge • Advocacy (strategies and appropriateness) • Gender and disability • Access (health, education, employment, legal frameworks etc) • Decision making • Participation • Access • Implementation

16. 6.3. Areas of Intervention in Gender Programming

17. 6.4. GAPS IN GENDER PROGRAMMING

18. Key Gaps in gender programming • Conceptualisation of gender –gender & women • Funding • Legal and Policy issues –technical gaps, implementation • Coordination –at all levels • Capacity –HR, Financial • M&E • Focus areas-e.g. youths, men, mobile populations

19. 6.5. Three Year Funding Analysis of the Gender Sector Inadequate funding has weakened the women’s movement and gender sector. Over the past three years donor flows to civic organisations have declined from around US$2,6million to just over US$1million. The funding has been short-term (one year) with the civic organisations receiving an average of US$11,000per year each. Bureaucratic requirements for accessing funding have been noted as too complicated for small CBOs. This has resulted in their failure to access funding.

20. 6.6. Existence of Clear and Results Oriented Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation

21. 6.7. Donor Mapping 6.7.1 Programming Approach 6.7.2 Areas of Support

22. Funding information 6.7.3 Committed Funds in the next 3 years 6.7.4 Current Funding Modalities

23. 7.Key Conclusions and Implications of Findings for Future Gender Programming • The findings of the study are crucial for the future of gender programming in Zimbabwe. Put simply, if the current trends of decline in donor funding, the gender sector is going to be critically disabled and a number of civic organisations will cease to exist. This will reverse the momentum and gains of several years of activism and programming. • Civic organisations on the other hand should realise that the more they remain uncoordinated and without a common agenda, there more they are likely to engage in unproductive competition with each other and the less they are likely to attract donor funding. Civic organisations have to develop robust M&E frameworks that demonstrate evidence and impact of their programmes to keep donor interest alive and support from their various constituents. If they fail to demonstrate impact, donors will move to new areas of focus and they will loose credibility with the constituent communities.

24. 8. Key Recommendations of the Research 8.1. Capacity building • Conceptual capacity • Coordination capacity • Financial and Human Resources • M&E technical capacity

25. 8.2.Coordination • Coordination of various stakeholders in the gender sector needs to be strengthened by the injection of both financial and human resources. At national level there is need for international donors to give maximum support to ZUNDAF Joint Working Plan for Gender. For ZUNDAF to be more effective UNIFEM’s coordination capacity needs to be supported financially and in terms of human resources. The donors themselves need to keep the Joint Donor Initiative afloat and use it as a forum for sharing information and joint planning. Strengthening of the Women’s Coalition secretariat is also a priority.

26. 8.3. Methods and Approach to Strengthen Gender Programming • There is need to include men in gender equality and use them as agents of positive change; • While gender mainstreaming is a key component of gender programming, there is need for donors to fund gender standalone projects. Mainstreaming gender into other developmental programmes is resulting in women are being lost in the bigger picture; and • Civic organisations should develop robust M&E systems for them to be able to demonstrate impact of programmes. The CEDAW shadow reports should be compiled on an annual basis to measure national progress towards set gender goals.

27. 8.4. Possible Programming Entry Points and focus areas • There is a need to explore non-traditional entry points into gender programming. The entry points should target main institutions of socialisation as the socialisation process is critical in shaping attitudes on gender. Suggested non-traditional entry-points include: • Men and men’s organisations • Religious institutions • Youths (boys and girls) • Disabled peoples associations • Private sector • Trade Unions • The family unit • Music, theatre and art which can be broadcast nationally via both print and electronic media. • Engendering the electoral process as women seem to participate less and less in politics because of fear of political violence. • Human trafficking • Internally displaced populations

28. 8.5. Funding Levels and Mechanisms • Increase the levels; • Increase the lifespanof the funding cycle; • Consider funding men’s civic organisations; • Simplify application for funding requirements ; • Improve geographical coverage; • Disseminate information on calls for proposals

29. 8.6. Options for Funding

30. 8.7.Funding Options under Different Scenarios(To discuss in groups)

31. The way forward ? Group Discussions Policy Programming (focus areas, approach & implementation) Coordination Funding Capacity building