WELCOME TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORTS

1. WELCOME TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF SPORTS

2. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology of Sports

3. The Human Body – An Orientation: • ANATOMY – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts • PHYSIOLOGY – study of how the bodyand its parts work or function

4. Anatomy – levels of study: • Gross anatomy • Large structures • easily observable

5. Anatomy – levels of study: • Microscopic anatomy • Very small • can only be viewed with a microscope

6. Levels of structural organization: • Chemical level (atoms and molecules) • Cellular level • Tissue level • Organ level • Organ system level • Organism level

7. Levels of structural organization

8. Necessary Life Functions • Maintain boundaries • Movement Locomotion Movement of substances • Responsiveness Ability to sense changes and react • Digestion Breakdown and delivery of nutrients • Metabolism Production of energy Making body structures • Excretion Elimination of waste from metabolic reactions • Reproduction Production of future generations • Growth Increasing cell size and number

9. Survival Needs • Nutrients Chemicals for energy and cell building Includes carbo’s, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals • Oxygen Required for chemical reactions • Water 60 – 80% of body weight Provides for metabolic reactions • Stable body temperature • Atmospheric pressure

12. The Language of Anatomy • Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding • Exact terminology is used for • Position • Direction • Regions • Structures

13. ORGAN SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

14. The Skeletal System • Protects and supports • Provides muscleattachment • Blood cellformation • Stores minerals

15. The Muscular System • Locomotion • Posture • Produces heat

16. The Nervous System • Fast-acting controlsystem • Responds to internal andexternal change • Activates muscles andglands

17. Cardiovascular System • Transports materials via blood pumped by heart • Oxygen • Carbon dioxide • Nutrients • Wastes

18. The Respiratory System • Supplies blood with oxygen • Removes carbon dioxide

19. The Digestive System • Digestion • Nutrient absorption • Eliminates indigestible material

20. Body Planes

21. Planes of the Body Median Plane (mid-sagittal) Cuts into right and left sides

22. Planes of the Body • Frontal Plane • (coronal) • Cuts into front and back sections

23. Planes of the Body Transverse Plane Cuts into top and bottom sections

24. Body Cavities

25. Body Cavities Ventral Cavities: (anterior or front) • Thoracic cavity holds the heart and lungs Abdominopelvic divides into: • Abdominal cavity • holds the digestive organs • Pelvic cavity • holds the reproductive organs

26. Body Cavities Dorsal Cavities: (Posterior or back) • Cranial cavity holds the brain • Spinal cavity holds the spinal cord

27. Anatomical Position • Feet together • Arms to the side • Head eyes and palms of the hands facing forward • The thumb is a lateral structure, not an anterior one • Anatomical position ensures consistency in conversation and explanations.

28. Orientation of the Body Superior (cranial or cephalad) • Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above. Inferior (caudal) • Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

29. Anterior and Posterior Anterior (ventral) • Toward or at the front of the body: in front of Posterior (dorsal) • Toward or at the backside of the body: behind

30. Medial and Lateral Medial • Toward or at the midline of the body: on the inner side of Lateral • Away from the mid line of the body: on the outer side of

31. Proximal and Distal Proximal • Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk Distal • Farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk