Gender training

1. IFAD’S AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTSRaising Gender AwarenessHaNoi,14th March 2011Prepared by: Lª ThÞ Méng Ph­îngLê Thị Thanh Huyền

2. Gender training Gender equality is a long term revolution because invisibility of women and discrimination against women has existed for thousands of years. If we want to bring the change, we have to achieve progress in all fields: Politics, Economics, Culture and Law (Ho Chi Minh President)

3. CLASS REGULATIONS SHOULD • Concentrate on the lesson • Participate actively • If don’t know, please ask • Put your phone in meeting condition SHOULD NOT • Smoke, talk on the phone • Go out without permission • Do personal work in the class • Talk with personal reason

4. Introduce yourself Last name and First name, How old are you, What do you do, How about your marital status? How many children do you have, boy or girl, You like boy or girl? Why? What is the best thing you like about the sex you are (M/F)? Why? What is the best thing you like about other sex? Why? What do you expect from this training course?

5. Methodology Traditional

6. Phương pháp Participatory

7. Gender: Social concept Originate from studying Diversity Influenced by social factors Can change For example: Women can be president or Captain of ship Sex: Biological concept Innate - Appear as long as born Identical Influenced by biological factors Can not change For example: Only women can give birth, while men give sperm Gender and Sex

8. Gender role • Gender roles are the work men and women are doing in the society • Gender roles are divided into 3 categories: • Productive role: Cultivate, Breed, Engineering… • Reproductive role: Child care, household work… • Community role: Build a road, street sanitation, meeting… Women usually do multiple roles at the same time, thus, they have less time than men

9. Female Male Note Productive role Work for livelihood such as doing business, agriculture, worker… Productive role Work for livelihood such as doing business, agriculture, worker… Female and male usually work for same time, but female’s income is lower than male’s and male’s work is considered of higher value. Reproductive role: Care and reproductive work such as housework, taking care of children, elder, sick person etc. Reproductive role: Participation in caring and reproductive work with wife, such as assisting wife to cook rice, teach children… Male usually does less care work because society doesn’t expect them to do it. And they think that it’s women’s work Community role Community work such as street sanitation, mediation etc. Community role Community work such as meeting, hold a festival, wedding, mediation, death anniversary etc. Men usually are leaders or managers. Female usually are performers or workers. CLASSIFY GENDER ROLE

10. What is gender equality? • Female and Male are appreciated and recognized as same, and have the equal status • Female and male have equal opportunities to participate in community activities • Female and Male get conditions to fully reach their potential • Female and Male get equal benefits from development achievements • Gender equality does not mean making male and female same in all fields of activities • Female and Male have their different roles and conditions, thus, to achieve equality, it’s essential to have particular solutions for both female and male

11. Conceptualization of Gender Equality

12. TOOLS FOR GENDER ANALYSIS • Gender division of labour • Access and control of resources • Participation in decision making • Gender needs

13. Tool 1: Gender division of labour • Women carry out 3 types of work (roles) • Normally men focus on productive work – men’s work is recognized clearly • Men are considered as main person generating income for family • Many women’s work is invisible and unpaid • The value of women’s work is considered lower than that of men’s because of social perceptions

14. Tool 1: Gender division of labour (cont) • Normally women take more works, and working time is longer for women • Housework is considered as women’s responsibility • The responsibility of men’s income earning always pressurizes them and they spend less time for family • Both women and men participate in community work. However, women tend to participate less in decision making works in community

15. 4 1 2 3 The Time Wheel Chart Husband’s time wheel Productive : 9h Care work: 1h Entertainment: 5h Sleep: 8h 4 Wife’s time wheel • Productive : 9h • Care work: 7h • Entertainment: 1h • Sleep: 7h 1 3 2

16. Tool 2 & 3: Access, Control of Resources and Decision Making • Resource include all things people need to carry out activities • Community’s resources: land, water, wood, labour, information, capital, infrastructure, knowledge, technology…. • Benefit: Income, relax time, education opportunities, participation in project’s activities • Approach is ability to use resources • Control is the right to make decision in finding and using resources

17. Resources Access Control Male Female Male Female • Natural resources • Land, water, wood... • Market resources • Labor, employment… • Cultural resources • Information, education, knowledge, health… • Resources in the family Access and Control of Resources

18. The level of women’s/men’s access, control and decision making • Generally women approach resources at the lower level than men • Mainly men are the controller of resources • Limited mobility and cultural factors restrict women’s access to information, education and technical training • Women tend to involve lesser in decision making activities at community level • However, the level of access and control of resources is different among different women groups

19. Tool 4: Gender needs • Gender needs are women’s/men’s need to carry out their roles • To satisfy gender needs, it’s necessary to work towards equal and harmonious relations and help both men and women • Types of gender needs: Actual gender needs and Strategic gender needs

20. GENDER NEED Please give comments on the picture about gender needs

21. Participants give comments on the below picture about gender needs House of female headed family Pinang Thi Gai and water jar UNICEF (The picture was taken at Da Trang small village, Phuoc Tien Bac Ai commune, Ninh Thuan)

22. Tool 4: Gender needs

23. Gender need

24. Gender preconception • Is about people’s attitude about women’s and men’s working abilities or what type of work they can do • For a long time, this preconception was recognized as obvious/natural and people had accepted it as a standard to evaluate men and women in society • Gender preconception is accepted in socializing process which leads to different behaviours between men and women and leads to contradiction in evaluating ability, occupational orientation, capacity development for girls and women in family, in workplace and in society • Gender preconception is one of factors influencing significantly to maintain unequality between men and women by maintaining concepts about which men and women can or can not do • Men and Women have to be influenced negatively from gender preconception

25. Make right for womenWOMEN participate with MEN at all of 5 LEVELS Decision making Together Supervise Implemen- tation Implement Know Discuss

26. INTEGRATE GENDER IN IFAD’S PROJECT Group discussion 1: Groups use SWOT tool to analyse gender integration in IFAD’s projects: 20 minutes Then present the result

27. INTEGRATE GENDER IN IFAD’S PROJECT Group discussion 2: Groups give specific example about gender integration in IFAD’s projects at provinces on A0 paper Discussion time: 20 minutes Group Representative of each group will present the discussion result

28. GENDER ANALYSIS • Gender analysis is foudation for gender integration Exercise: Groups discuss about gender analysis in project’s cycle which is foundation for gender integration

29. Gender and project cycle:Need to analyse at all steps Study/ Identify problem Gender Supervise and Evaluate project Design project Implementing process Approval for project

30. Gender analysis and project cycle • To identify gender issues at all steps of project: Does Gender matter? At what Level? Why? Is it essential to integrate gender? How? Actually, men approve the project, women implement the project, gender is normally obvious in the project Actually, the result of project increases by gender combination because of suitability of needs, practice, justice

31. Concept: Gender and Sex Gender roles Gender need, benefits Gender integration Information about gender: Separate data Information about gender Analysis tool Gender division of labour Access and control of resources and benefit Women’s / Men’s participation and decision making Project cycle Summary concept and tool

32. THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREA DEVELOPMEN PROJECT

33. THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Group discussion: • Participants show the importance of gender equality in agriculture and rural area development project • Please discuss gender issues in IFAD’s projects in provinces

34. GENDER INTEGRATION IN IFAD’S PROJECTS Gender integration is defined as a process which decreases gap in development opportunities between women and men and works towards gender equality which is a part of organization strategy , policy and activity Gender integration reflects fully from IFAD’s activities, its values, resource allocation, norm coordination, procedures, productivity measures etc.

35. Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s projects • Gender equality – Give right to women – IFAD’s policy principle

36. Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s project (cont) IFAD: Gender equality and women’s rights are important tools for development. Both are necessary tools to decrease poverty. IFAD works towards enhancing women’s access and control of assets – capital, land, knowledge and technology, improving capacity for women’s organizations, strengthening women’s participation in decision making roles in community issues, women’s representation in local organizations, improving welfare, good conditions to access basic services and rural infrastructure.

37. Tools for gender integration and strategy in IFAD’s projects (Cont) IFAD’s action is guided by the principle that development ideas should combine with priorities of women’s and men’s needs and giving them equal opportunities. IFAD strives to bring about structural changes on gender to fight poverty.