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Regulatory Framework Considerations for Implementing Direct Potable Reuse

Regulatory Framework Considerations for Implementing Direct Potable Reuse. Monday, August 11, 2014. Guy Carpenter, PE Vice President Reuse Technical Practice Director. Presentation Agenda. Definitions Drivers for Potable Reuse Water Quality Criteria Treatment Technologies Risk Mitigation

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Regulatory Framework Considerations for Implementing Direct Potable Reuse

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  1. Regulatory Framework Considerations for Implementing Direct Potable Reuse Monday, August 11, 2014 Guy Carpenter, PEVice PresidentReuse Technical Practice Director

  2. Presentation Agenda • Definitions • Drivers for Potable Reuse • Water Quality Criteria • Treatment Technologies • Risk Mitigation • Public Perception • Status of IPR/DPR projects going on in the US

  3. Definitions

  4. What should I do with my reclaimed water? Non-Potable Reuse (NPR) or “Direct Reuse” (Purple Pipe) Indirect Potable Reuse - Surface Water Augmentation Indirect Potable Reuse - Groundwater Recharge Direct Potable Reuse

  5. Drivers for Potable Reuse

  6. DPR Planning, Pilot Testing, and Full Scale Implementation is Underway DPR Demonstration in Oregon State Law Mandates Direct Potable Reuse Initiative $$$M collected for DPR research NWRI Expert Panel Formed for Cloudcroft NM, DPR to soon follow Initial DPR workshops underway in Oklahoma Steering Committee for AZ Potable Reuse developing regulatory framework • “Big Spring” in operation, treatment performance analysis underway • DPR planning and design happening throughout the state IPR/DPR planning studies and pilot studies for utilities across CA

  7. But in Florida, Drivers are More Diverse

  8. Drivers in Florida • Surface water quality • Salt water intrusion - Biscayne • Decreasing Availability of Low-Cost Fresh Water • Central Florida Coordinating Area • Southwest Florida Southern Water Use Caution Area and Most Impacted Area • South Florida Regional Availability Rule • Everglades restoration • South Florida Ocean Outfall Legislation Eutrophication in St. Johns River Saltwater intrusion

  9. Water Quality Criteria

  10. What do you need to do to make drinking water out of sewage? • Risk Mitigation • Treatment • Public Acceptance • Pathogens& Trace Organic Compounds

  11. Overall Goal: How do we make DPR safe? WRRF Project 11-02 Addresses Two Key Questions: • What level of treatment must we achieve? • How can we achieve that level of treatment? NDMA Adenovirus Cryptosporidium fluoxetine

  12. From Raw Wastewater to Potable Water 12-log virus 9-log bacteria 10-log protozoa WRRF 11-02 Panel Report specifies treatment goals

  13. NWRI Panel – Chemical Criteria

  14. Public health goals for DPR • CDPH: 12 / 10 / 10 • 12-log virus • 10-log Giardia and Crypto reduction • WRRF 11-02: 12 / 10 / 9 • 12-log enteric virus • 10-log Crypto (Giardia implied) • 9-log bacteria • Both: • Requirements for trace chemicals

  15. Treatment Technologies

  16. What do you need to do to make drinking water out of sewage? • Treatment • Pathogens& Trace Organic Compounds

  17. If you address the pathogens, you will address the trace organic chemicals (WRRF-11-02) CAS CAS CAS CAS CAS O3 UV UF UV/H2O2 BAF MF RO O3 UV MF BAF UV UF O3 BAF Cl2 O3 UV/H2O2 From raw wastewater to potable water MF RO

  18. But what if a process fails? X X X X 6 9 12 CAS CAS CAS CAS CAS O3 UV UF UV/H2O2 BAF MF RO O3 UV MF BAF UV UF O3 BAF Cl2 O3 UV/H2O2 MF RO

  19. Risk Mitigation

  20. What do you need to do to make drinking water out of sewage? • Risk Mitigation • Pathogens& Trace Organic Compounds

  21. The bottom line: Processes WILL fail. • Process failure cannot reduce delivered water quality below target goals; so… • We must know when the failure has occurred and divert flow from the potable stream; or • We must have sufficient redundancy of treatment, storage, and monitoring to know that water quality goals are being met.

  22. In addition to robust treatment, there are two key components you need for protecting public health and minimizing cost in the case of process failure: • Quick response time • Good monitoring to ensure expected treatment result

  23. Basic Framework for Setting Engineered Storage Size: Failure Response Time For eachindividual process: Identify Failure Respond Sample TAT System Reaction Sampling Interval Minimum Storage Time Failure Response Time (FRT)

  24. Through research, we are increasing online monitoring sensitivity (method detection), which allows for greater confidence in actual removal Log removal credits: • Minimum of: • process efficiency • Monitoring method sensitivity Limit Process Efficiency Log Removal Credits Method Sensitivity

  25. WRRF-11-10 – Application of Risk Reduction Principles to Direct Potable Reuse • Project Goal – “A critical initial evaluation of DPR, including treatment, monitoring, and operation.” • Identify important weak points in the advanced treatment process train. • Look at how and when we can manage these risks.

  26. Key Lessons • Make things simpler and/or less tightly coupled. • Control potential failure points relative to their risk. • Monitoring is key. • For personnel: • Training, training, training. • SOPs for critical failure events. • Simple checklists

  27. Public Acceptance

  28. What do you need to do to make drinking water out of sewage? • Public Acceptance • Pathogens& Trace Organic Compounds

  29. The general public has difficulty with the concept of relative concentrations and risk • There is a concern that “presence” in any amount is a problem • Adverse health effects are presumed if anything can be detected. • There is no “zero”of anything…including risk.

  30. Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

  31. Amount of Water to Meet Acceptable Daily Intake (for Humans) - Pharmaceuticals Credit: Shane Snyder, University of Arizona

  32. Public Perception Lessons • Hire an expert • Well-conceived plan • Validate “contagion” mentality • Watch your mouth! • Different vocabulary • Alarming words and acronyms • Present DPR among other options • Energy • Capital and O&M • Social & Environmental impacts

  33. We are nearly all “Downstream” The majority of the world’s population drinks from rivers and streams that have received treated discharges from upstream users. It is nothing new. We’ve been doing it for centuries. www.athirstyplanet.com

  34. The Ways of Water The Ways of Water presents an overview of the many human interventions in the water cycle and looks at the benefits around some of the key water provision options including Direct Potable Reuse using easy-to-understand language

  35. Communicating Risk of PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products) User & Public Friendly Document Includes a CD with printable materials http://www.watereuse.org/catalog/toolkit

  36. The Words We Use Really Do Matter Number one impediment to any water reuse project is public perception Can’t talk to public in the same way we do to each other http://www.watereuse.org/product/07-03

  37. So, all three components must fold into the regulatory framework for DPR • Risk Mitigation • Treatment • Public Acceptance • Pathogens& Trace Organic Compounds

  38. Status of DPR Projects in US

  39. Colorado River Municipal Water District’s Raw Water Production Facility at Big Spring

  40. Colorado River Municipal Water District • Member cities: • Population served: 450,000 • Surface water reservoirs: • Lake J.B. Thomas (<2% full) • E.V. Spence (<5% full) • O.H. Ivie (<15% full) • Five well fields (peaking) Odessa Lake O.H. Ivie, April 2011

  41. Direct potable reuse is a reality for the Colorado River Municipal Water District

  42. DPR at Big Spring Raw water from E.V. Spence Reservoir • Designed by Freese & Nichols • Operating since May 2013 Raw Water Production Facility Moss Creek Lake Advanced Oxidation H2O2 Membrane Processes Filtered secondary effluent from City of Big Spring <20% blend Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis UV Filters pathogens,pretreats for RO Removes pathogens, salt, and trace pollutants Kills pathogens and destroys trace pollutants Blended water to conventional drinking water plants RO concentrateto Beal’s Creek

  43. Ethinyl estradiol Carollo Led Monitoring Study Expanding on WRRF Research • Process evaluation, advanced monitoring • Detailed study of water quality • Pathogens • Trace chemicals • Surrogate development caffeine Moss Creek Lake 3 6 5 1 2 4 H2O2 <20% blend Secondary Effluent Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis E.V. Spence Pipeline UV To drinking water plants Proposed Sample Locations RO concentrate

  44. Clean Water ServicesOregon

  45. Clean Water Services (Oregon) Provides Industry Leadership in the NW • Phosphorus Recovery • Reclaimed Water • Wetlands for nutrient removal and reclaimed water applications • Reclaimed water purification for DPR and industrial use

  46. DPR Demonstration – Progressive Analysis Using the Latest Industry Tools • GE – UF and RO Membranes • Trojan – UV AOP • Clean Water Services • Diane Taniguchi-Dennis • Rick Shanley • Adrienne Menniti • Forest Grove Plant Staff

  47. Startup Testing Baselines Process Performance • UF Pressure Decay Results Tracked and Are Stable and Within Tolerance • RO EC is Constant • Microbiological Reductions through Process Train as Expected (from a lot to zero!)

  48. Detailed Pathogen and CEC Testing Complete

  49. 2014 One Water Innovations Gala • WEFTEC 2014 • September 28, 20146-10 p.m.The RepublicNew Orleans, LA

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