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Dr. A. V. Singh

AN INTRODUCTION TO. Behavior Based Safety (BBS). Dr. A. V. Singh. Traditional Safety Model. Safety Training. Slogans. Policies. Reprimands. Regulations. Fewer Accidents. Committees & Councils. Contests & Awards. Safety Meetings. Traditional Safety Management.

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Dr. A. V. Singh

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  1. AN INTRODUCTION TO Behavior Based Safety (BBS) Dr. A. V. Singh

  2. Traditional Safety Model Safety Training Slogans Policies Reprimands Regulations Fewer Accidents Committees & Councils Contests & Awards Safety Meetings

  3. Traditional Safety Management Safety Management System Features Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuries in the workplace. Limited effectiveness, why? Strong reliance on Antecedents PPE Emergency Response Policies Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene Hazard Recognition Training Safety Permits Ergonomics Fire Protection Engineering Safety Incentives Safety Surveys SHE Standards Job Safety Analysis JSO

  4. Please think . . . How many of the above elements can be directly traced to injury elimination just at the moment the injury is about to occur ? Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

  5. Injury Statistics . . . 14 people die at work in US everyday 11,000 people suffer from disabling injury everyday Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

  6. Injury Statistics . . . Year 2004 in US* • 5200 workplace fatalities • 3.8 fatalities per 100,000 workers • 3.9 million people suffer disabling injuries • 6.1 injuries or illnesses per 100 workers Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

  7. Injury Statistics . . . In INDIA • 124 people die at workplace everyday • 46575 people are injured • 32% contribution to global fatality at work • 37% of global burden of occupational injury Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

  8. WHAT IS MISSING? WHERE IS THE CATCH? To Conclude . . . • Good Safety Management systems exist • Still workplace is injury prone & not safe • Injury although declined, still persists

  9. Scientifically proven that . . . In 1951, Dr. Heinrich claimed that more than 90% of injuries were caused by UNSAFE ACTS DuPont proved by research that:

  10. DOE, US Govt. found out that . . . Personnel errors (Unsafe Acts) was present in 77% of incidents

  11. Avoid Eliminate DuPont Research found that . . . 1 Fatal 30 LTAs 300 Non LTAs 3,000 Near Miss / First Aid 30,000 Hazards (Unsafe Acts & Conditions)

  12. Safety Activities Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents To Conclude . . . Eliminate Unsafe Acts / Conditions = Avoid Injuries & Accidents

  13. Unsafe Acts & Objectives of BBS • Unsafe Acts is a behavioral process • Also defined as “at risk” behavior • Objective of BBS is to minimize “at risk” behavior at workplace

  14. Principles of BBS Behavior is the cause of accidents Consequence motivate behavior What gets measured, gets done Feedback is essential to improvement Quality is built early in the process Conversations change organizations

  15. Behavioral Safety Management Safety Management System Features Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuries in the workplace. Improvement: Adding Consequences But, Still limited effectiveness, why? Not integrated with other elements PPE Emergency Response Policies Procedures Safety Rules Incident Investigation Safety Meetings Audits/Inspections Industrial Hygiene Hazard Recognition Training Safety Permits Ergonomics Fire Protection Engineering Safety Incentives Safety Surveys OSHA Standards JSO Behavioral Safety Job Safety Analysis

  16. Behavioral Safety Management • To be effective: • Integrate the fundamental elements1 of BBS into the Safety Management System elements • How? • Identify (pinpoint) critical behaviors • Define behaviors precisely to measure them reliably • Implement mechanisms to determine current status • Provide feedback • Reinforce progress

  17. What is Behavior? Behavior is anything that a person says, does, thinks or feels Eg: Working at heights with safety belts Behavior should be observable, specific

  18. What is Antecedent ? Anything that occurs before or during the behavior can be an antecedent for that behavior B: Working at heights with safety belts A: Painful Memory of past accident It is Antecedents that cause a certain types of behavior to happen

  19. What is Consequence ? Anything that occurs after a behavior B: Working at heights with safety belts A: Painful Memory of past accident C: No more accidents

  20. The ABC of BBS Program A: Antecedents – cause of certain behavior B: Behavior – what you see a person do C: Consequence – outcome of a behavior

  21. What is BBS Program? Understand & Influence Antecedents Make people behave safely, work safely Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .

  22. BBS vs. Zero Injury Zero Injury is the GOAL BBS is the path to reach the GOAL

  23. How to Implement BBS ? 7 Steps Process 1. Identify Unsafe Acts in all your operations. Make a list of safe acts for these unsafe acts. 2. Audit Unsafe Acts & Conditions. Report 3. Measure no. of safe / unsafe acts. Know your scores 4. Set Improvement Goals. Identify actions to achieve the goals. Implement Actions

  24. How to Implement BBS ? 7 Steps Process 5. Monitor actions implementation & trends of Unsafe Acts & conditions 6. Continually improve performance 7. Recognize performers & celebrate achievement

  25. Q: Why focus on behavior? Serious Injuries Reactive Non Serious Injuries Near Misses At-Risk Behaviors Proactive Systems’ Weaknesses A: It’s the best way of measuring how well your system is working!

  26. Safety Activities Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents Recall . . .

  27. Safety Activities BBS Program + Fewer Unsafe Acts Fewer Accidents What do we do now? Traditional Model

  28. Primary Team Roles Management • Lead by example • Support the process • Remove roadblocks • Monitor success • Provide resources

  29. Basic Elements of BBS • Identify/define targeted safe behaviors. • Observe behaviors. • Measure process/activities. • Deliver feedback. • Deliver positive consequences. • Analyze variance/take action. • Improve process continuously.

  30. The Behavioral Process EVALUATE PINPOINT CRITICAL SAFE & PROCESS SUPPORT BEHAVIORS RESULTS REINFORCE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PERFORMANCE MEASURE VERBAL & GRAPHIC ON PERFORMANCE GIVE FEEDBACK

  31. If BBS has to Succeed then . . . Top Management Commitment is essential Ownership & involvement from all employees Steering Committee to monitor in plants Training to all on BBS & safety practices Effective Feedback – Most important Performance monitoring & Continual improvement

  32. Safe Behavior Is safe behavior an occupational necessity? Is safety only at work place? Don’t I want my son to drive safely & reach home every day? Can safe behavior be a philosophy of life? Safe Behavior = Safety Assurance

  33. Thank you

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