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Competency : 1H04. Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the skin . Specific Objective

Unit D: Integumentary System. Competency : 1H04. Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the skin . Specific Objective 1H04.01 Explain the structure of the integumentary system. Question of the day. What is skin made of, and why do I have it?. LAYERS OF THE SKIN. 2 basic layers…

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Competency : 1H04. Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the skin . Specific Objective

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  1. Unit D: Integumentary System Competency: 1H04. Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the skin. Specific Objective 1H04.01 Explain the structure of the integumentary system.

  2. Question of the day What is skin made of, and why do I have it?

  3. LAYERS OF THE SKIN 2 basic layers… Epidermis • Outermost covering • Epithelial cells • Avascular…… what does this mean? Dermis • “True skin” • Connective tissue • Vascular

  4. EPIDERMIS • 2 (of 3) epidermal layers: • Stratum corneum • Stratum germinativum

  5. STRATUM CORNEUM • Outermost layer • In cells, cytoplasm is replaced by KERATIN– making them waterproof. • Flat, scale-like cells that flake off = “dead skin”-yuk!!!

  6. This layer is the first line of defense against surface bacteria. • Thickest on palms of your hands and soles of your feet

  7. STRATUM GERMINATIVUM • Innermost epidermal layer • Reproductive layer – cells form and push their way up, become keratinized, and replace the top layer as it sheds. • Contains MELANOCYTES – cells that contain a pigment called MELANIN.

  8. Melanin  Is black, brown, or has a yellow tint – depending on your racial origin.  The more melanin, the darker the skin.  Caucasians don’t have much melanin in their skin. Freckles = patches of melanin Albinism = no melanin

  9. Tanning • Sunlight stimulates melanocytes to make more and more melanin. • Tanning produced by UV rays. • Prolonged exposure may lead to skin cancer!

  10. PAPILLAE • Are ridges in the stratum germinativum that arise from the dermis.They start in the dermis. • Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms and • soles of the feet • These “friction ridges” help with grip and produce “fingerprints”

  11. DERMIS The thicker inner layer. contains: • Connective tissue • Blood vessels • Nerve endings • Muscles • Hair follicles • Oil and sweat glands • Fat cells

  12. Nerve Receptors • The dermis contains sensory nerves that detect heat, cold, touch, pain and pressure. • Touch receptors are close to the surface. • Pressure receptors are deeper inside the dermis.

  13. Subcutaneous Layer AKA the hypodermal layer • Lies under the dermis (not really part of integumentary system) • Made up of loose connective tissue • Contains half of the body’s stored fat!!!

  14. Appendages of the Skin • Almost everywhere on the body • Length, thickness, type and color varies • Outer layer = CORTEX • Inner layer = MEDULLA • Part under the skin = ROOT • Part outside the skin = SHAFT • FOLLICLE = pocket in epidermis, hair inside • PAPILLA = tuft of tissue in root, contains capillaries HAIR

  15. ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE • Smooth muscle attached to the hair follicle. • How does this muscle cause goose bumps?

  16. Nails • Nails are formed in the nail bed or MATRIX. • Epidermal cells fuse together and fill with keratin.

  17. GLANDS

  18. SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS • AKA “sweat glands” • Perspiration is 99% water • Distributed over the entire skin surface • Larger numbers under the arms, palms of hands, soles of feet and forehead. • Duct extends to form a pore in the skin, perspiration excreted through the pores • May be activated by heat,pain,fever and nervousness • Average fluid loss is 500 ml per day SEBACEOUS GLANDS • Secret oil (SEBUM) that protects and lubricates the skin.

  19. Remember to review your notes tonight!!

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