Drugs & Their Effects

1. Drugs & Their Effects Ms Markowski

2. Drug Effects & Delivery Methods • Therapeutic: Intended effects = GOOD • Non-therapeutic: Unintended effects = Side Effects • 3. • 2. 4. • 5. Transdermal (skin) • Any drug/medicine can be toxic at a certain dose • *It MATTERS how you put the drug in your body* • Faster it gets in your body => faster the addiction

3. FYI: Scheduling of Drugs Schedule I: - high potential for abuse - most dangerous crack, marijuana, ecstasy - no accepted medical use in US heroin, GHB, LSD, psilocybin Schedule II: • High potential for abuse • Has current accepted medical use in US with severe restrictions cocaine, morphine, ritalin • Abuse may lead to severe dependence codeine, oxycontin, adderall Schedule III: • Less abuse potential than schedules I and II anabolic steroids, • Has accepted medical use in US testosterone, marinol, • Abuse many lead to moderate dependence hydrocodone Schedule IV: • Low potential for abuse , anti-anxiety drugs like • Has accepted medical use in US Xanax, Valium, Haldol Abuse may lead to limited dependence Schedule V: • Very low potential for abuse - prescriptions not always required Robitussin, Tylenol, Sudafed, Advil, Aleve, Has accepted medical use in US - DOES NOT mean non-lethal ,

4. Remember your Liver • our “detox” organ • Processes all drugs & alcohol consumed • It does get damaged over time

5. 6 Classes of Drugs • Stimulants • Depressants • Hallucinogens • Narcotics/Opiates/Prescription Pain drugs • “Club Drugs” • Inhalants

6. 1. Stimulants • INCREASE Central Nervous system (CNS) • Heart rate &Breathing • Blood pressure & sweating • Anxiety & movement • “feel energetic and awake” • Cocaine/crack • Amphetamines (Adderal/Ritalin/Vyvanse) • Methamphetamines • Nicotine • Caffeine (coffee, soda, tea, chocolate)

7. More about Cocaine Schedule II: Highly addictive, very abused, restricted medical use Medical Use: Used medically as a numbing agent Effects: Short high(15-30 minutes) • increased heart rate/blood pressure - constricts blood vessels • increased energy/very alert high - wakefulness • decreased appetite • THEN HUGE CRASH! Concerns: • Stimulating effect: dangerous to heart • Changes experience of “pleasure” • Expensive and VERY physically addictive Lacing Issues

8. More about Methamphetamines • Produced in labs, often in homes • Made of household chemicals and poisons Effects/Problems: More intense high than cocaine • Dental problems - weight loss - violent behavior - psychosis • Paranoia - delusions - meth “bugs” Extremely addictive, very toxic to body due to ingredients Serious withdrawals up to 7 days after last use (meth bugs)

9. More about Amphetamines: “Speed” • Adderall - Ritalin - Vyvanse • Medical Uses: Narcolepsy, AD/HD • Recreational Uses: stay awake longer, “concentrate” • Concerns/Effects: • Sudden Heart attack, weight loss, sleeplessness, • depression, suicidal thoughts, addiction • Cause a “down/depressed” feeling after use: WANT MORE • AMPHETAMINE PSYCHOSIS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?index=18&feature=PlayList&v=1XIdSvv6eEA&list=PLED44D7A51F65D394

10. Bath Salts (MDVP) methylenedioxygpyrovalerone What is it? man made powerful Stimulants with hallucinogenic effects, cheaper and stronger than cocaine and “speed”. Concerns:10x more powerful than cocaine or speed and can last for days sometimes hospitalization needed • Panic Attacks / Fits / Delusions -suicidal and homicidal • Sweating - Seizures - Nosebleeds • Severe Paranoia / Psychosis

11. More on Bath Salts • Marketed as a salt for “taking a bath” • Sold as a powder in small foil packages or jars “If you take the worst parts of meth, cocaine, PCP, LSD, and ecstacy, you get an effect similar to bath salts. • Legal Status: • has put 24 of the main chemicals used • to make bath salts on the Schedule I list, but…there’s over 100 different bath salt chemicals in circulation

12. 2. Depressants • SLOW DOWN CNS: • Heart rate & Breathing • Blood pressure & body temp • Feel relaxed & sleepy • Examples: • Alcohol • GHB/Rohypnol • Rx Anxiety drugs • Valium, Xanax, Klonipin, Ativan • Sedatives • Haldol and sleeping pills

13. More on Rohypnol and GHB • Colorless, odorless, tasteless....just like water! • Medical Uses: Sleeping Medicine in foreign countries, NOT U.S. Why is it used as a Date Rape Drug?: • - Muscle relaxation - Decreased heart rate and blood pressure • - Drowsy - Unconscious state • - Amnesia - Disoriented • Onset and Duration of Effects: 20 minutes ------24 hours - Initial side effects similar to ALCOHOL! • Prevention Tactics ----------------------- • Watch your drink / never leave it on a table • Don’t drink something another person gives you! VideoWhat Would You Do

14. Check out Alcohol ppt 3 reasons that alcohol is dangerous to teen brain: • Brain is still growing in general • alcohol will stunt that growth • Amygdala is swollen • Alcohol feels better and is more addictive to teens • Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is still developing • Alcohol interferes directly with the PFC, leading to poorer decision making and risky behaviors

15. 3. Hallucinogens • Make you SEE, HEAR, FEEL things that are not real; • also can cause paranoia / anxiety • “Flashbacks” years later • Examples: • Marijuana • LSD &PCP • Hashish / salvia • Mushrooms (‘shrooms) • Mescaline (peyote cactus)

16. All About Marijuana • Cannabis sativaplant • THC (tetra-hydracannabinol) Within 15-30 minutes of smoking marijuana… • rapid heart rate & increased breathing rate - low blood pressure • red eyes & dry mouth (blood expansion due to low b.p.) • increased appetite, "munchies“ • slowed reaction time/decrease in coordination • distorted sense of time, vision, taste (the hallucination!!) • Euphoria or Paranoia • short-term memory loss • Some people experience panic attacks and loss of control • Stays in body for ~30 days as it is stored in fatty tissues

17. Overtime, smoking marijuana can lead to… • Increasing short-term Memory loss • Learning disabilities/Poor academic achievement • Distraction and loss of attention span • Anxiety and panic attacks • Lowered immune function • Respiratory problems/Lung infections/Cancers • Damage to testes and ovaries (cancer) • Decreased sperm count and quality • Lower sex drive • Impotence • Menstrual cycle changes • AND NOW....it CAN LEAD TO ADDICTION, too (thanks genetic engineering!)

18. Medical Marijuana Diseases: - Cancer - AIDS -Glaucoma -Multiple Sclerosis -Severe anorexia 3 general benefits • Decrease nausea/vomiting • Increase appetite • Can lessen perception of pain • All states laws are different

19. Marijuana 101 Schizophrenia vs. Drug Induced Psychosis Study IQ declines • Is it addictive? Read about it here: Notre Dame ~17% of teens who try it become addicted • ~40% of daily users become addicted • - 17% of all rehab admissions • Withdrawal Symptoms:1-3 weeks after last use • Irritability - sleeplessness - aggression • Anxiety - depression - cravings

20. Marijuana 101 Effects on heart and cardiovascular system? • Significant increase in hr/low bp • 4-8x more likely to have a heart attack • More dangerous if you have a pre-existing condition Effects on the lungs and respiratory system? • Some studies: 60% more cancer-causing than tobacco • No filter: irritating to airway/smoke is held in • -Increased incidence of emphysema/cough/infections • article

21. History • 1919-1933: Alcohol Prohibition/Marijuana Menace • 1937: Marijuana Tax Act • 1944-60’s: Reports reveal change in effects • 1970: Controlled Substances Act • 1996: First Medical Approval • 1996-2012: More states legalize for medicinal purposes • 2005: Federal law trumps state law upheld • June 2011: Schedule I Debated/Decriminalization • Nov 2012: Colorado and Washington first to legalize

22. Federal Law: Schedule I (Completely ILLEGAL) State Law: Legal in 18 States and D.C. State Laws Are ALL Different in regard to access: Dispensaries --- “Pot Shops” Home Cultivation Buying from Dealer

23. K2/Spice: Synthetic Marijuana Marketed as Herbal Incense: Hallucinogen More dangerous than marijuana “couch lock” one effect – an inability to move despite being conscious.  loss of consciousness, paranoia, and occasionally, psychotic episodes,” Synthetic cannabis is a psychoactivedesigner drug derived of natural herbs sprayed with synthetic chemicals 5 of the common chemicals used to make synthetic marijuana became schedule I in march of 2011 but they come up with new drugs (like bath salts) to use Maine has banned many of the chemicals, but not all of them

24. 4. Narcotics/Opiates/Rx Pain Drugs • Highly addictive, • Relief from SEVERE pain • Nausea & drowsiness • Examples: • Heroin • Examples Rx drugs: • Oxycontin • Vicodin • Hydrocodone • Percocet • Dilaudid • Morphine • Methadone/suboxone

25. More about Rx Pain Drugs Oxycontin, Hydrocodone, Percocet, Vicodin, Dilaudid ALL OPIATES/NARCOTICS ARE HABIT FORMING!!: Effects: Euphoric, relaxed, drowsy, nausea, vomiting, itching -easily addictive---withdrawals (same as heroin) • Controlled Release: Drugs are coated to provide pain relief over time (12 hrs.) • Recreational Use: • Concern for respiratory depression - Decreased brain function • Mood changes - Confusion - Numbness in arms/legs • Vomiting/Nausea - Slurred Speech - Coma/Death • Will cause withdrawals and Tolerance • Issue in Maine?Pharm Parties

26. Treatment for Opiate addiction: Methadone (a.k.a. Suboxone) Given Orally(by pill) Has gradual onset, reduces desire for heroin & opiates • Synthetic opiate medication that binds to the same receptors in the brain that heroin binds • Not intoxicating or sedating...can still function

27. More about Heroin • Schedule I: Very dangerous, no medical use, very addictive, CHEAPER than Rx Drugs with similar effect • Initial Effects: “Euphoric Rush”---feel warm, heavy, cloudy, drowsy • Chronic Use: Tolerance develops quickly, significant withdrawal symptoms when not high; “keep the sick off” • Withdrawals = severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, • cold flashes, muscle spasms, insomnia • Usually persist for one week after last use

28. Narcan Rx drug to prevent death from Heroin overdose

29. 5. Club Drugs • Combinations of hallucinogens & stimulants • Effects: • Sweating, increases in hb, bp • Increased energy & seizures • Delusions & psychosis • Teeth grinding & nosebleeds • Heart attack and death • Examples: • Ecstasy(love drug) hallucinogen & stimulant • Ketamine(cat tranquilizer) hallucinogen & stimulant

30. Cough Syrup Abuse (with DXM) Hallucinogenic Drug when ABUSED Laws: Some states limit access to age 18+, and/or limit quantities a person can purchase • Effects: Dizzy/Light Headed/Hallucinations • Other Common Effects/Concerns/Issues: • Nauseous/Vomiting • Fatigue • Flashbacks • Insomnia • Permanent Damage to Thinking Skills • Permanent Liver & Brain Damage • Seizures • Death

31. 6. Inhalants • Not drugs, they are POISON! • Household products that produce a high by breathing them in • Trick brain into thinking it is Oxygen when it is really poison • ANY perceived “high” is really the brain shutting down • Effects: death, dizziness, blackout, trouble with vision and hearing, nausea, headache, memory problems, brain cell death • 39% of inhalant deaths are 1st time users

32. More about Inhalants / POISON Duration of high = 15 seconds – 2 minutes Concerns: IMMEDIATE death of brain cells Hypoxia: Decrease in the oxygen supply in the bloodstream Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome In The NewsVIDEOVideo 2

33. STEROIDS • Examples: • Testosterone & androgens • HGH • Effects: • Increase muscle mass • Develop secondary sex characteristics (puberty) of the opposite gender • acne, infertility, liver cancer, sexual dysfunction • Roid rage”

34. Drug Exam Review • 3 parts of the brain impacted by drugs & functions limbic system, prefrontal cortex & brain stem • Define Tolerance & Addiction • ALL about alcohol & 3 reasons it’s so bad for teens • Effects of the 6 categories of drugs • Why marijuana today is stronger than it was 20 years ago • Brief description & effects of all the specific drugs we talked about (see back of Drug Practice Quiz 1) • Explain how drugs change the brain in 2 ways (neurotransmitters and receptors, leading to tolerance) • Drug delivery methods (fastest to slowest) • 2 reasons why GHB/Rohypnol is used as date rape drug • ½ ounce/hour rule for alcohol and .02 BAC/hour rule (know the math) • Healthy decision making process

35. FYI: A “Drug Lab”