Preferred citation style

1. Preferred citation style • Axhausen, K.W. (2005) Travel in a dynamic social context: New issues and their data requirements, COST 355, WG 3 – workshop, Berlin, November 2005.

2. Travel in a dynamic social context: New issues and their data requirements KW Axhausen IVT ETH Zürich November 2005

3. Personal world Concepts: The individual in a dynamic social context Social captial: stock of joint abilities, shared histories and commitments Personal worlds of others Biography Projects Learning Household locations Social network geography Mobility tools

4. Modelling the personal daily dynamics ................ Activity repertoire (t) Activity repertoire (t+1) Physiological needs Commitments Desires Pending activities Activity calendar (t) Unexecuted activities Updates, Innovations Activity schedule (t) Rescheduling, Execution Scheduling Networks, Opportunities ................ Mental map (t) Mental map (t+1)

5. Spatial and social density Dense/loose Dense/tight Sparse/tight Sparse/loose

6. Specialisation Migration + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Activities Tours pkm - - - - - - - - - - - - Fleet comfort Housing consumption vtts et al. vkm Professional and personal activity space Wages k Network geography Number of networks Energy costs Network overlap Elasticity > 0 Elasticity < 0 Local anomie Size of an individual’s activity spaces: A hypothesis

7. Objects of interest (cross section) • Name, type and membership of the networks (groups) • Name and type of the contacts (strength of the link) • Home location of the contacts • Places, dates and duration of meetings with the networks (or subsets) • Role, cost and cost allocation of the meeting • Cost, cost allocation and duration of associated trip • Channel, dates, size of other interactions with the contacts • Cost of interaction and its allocation • Location of the persons during the interaction

8. Objects of interest (panel/retrospective) • Mobility biography: • Home locations • Work/school locations • Mobility tools (car, season tickets, cycles, licences) • Income • Household structure • All of the cross-sectional items across time

9. Sources: • Memory: • Interviews • Paper/web-based self-administered questionnaires • Records: • Diaries and agendas • Personal phone books/email lists • Email and letters (collections) • Phone bills / Income tax returns / credit card bills • Photo albums / personal web pages • Minutes and yearbooks • Databases, such as www.google.scholar.com • [Observation]

10. Example: Contact frequency – emails to kwa (Outlook)

11. Example: Contact frequency – emails to kwa

12. Example: long-distance travel (kwa) (agenda/tax returns)

13. Current IVT experiences • Face-to-face interviews (Mobility biographies; “most important contacts”; mobile phone book lists; Zürich, Berlin, Lancaster) (about 50 € incentives; 2-3 h + questionnaire) (No problems recruiting; even to quota) • Mobility biographies (Zürich, postal questionnaire) (No incentive, but some were “motivated” with a phone call) 22% response, but see below • Mobility biographies plus contact geographies (Zürich, Bern Basel; postal and web-based questionnaire) (No incentive) Response about 15-18%

14. Zürich Mobility biographies – Response rate by area

15. Current IVT experiences: Easy add-ons • Context of a trip/activity diary: • Number of persons meet at the activity travelled to • By type (household, non-household member, dog) • Home location of non-household members met (even retrospectively in the 12 week leisure diary) • Context of a face-to-face interview: • Names, type, meeting frequency and home locations of relatives and friends (up to five of each category) • Mobility biographies (last ten April 1st) (part of Univox)

16. Example: Contact costs, frequency and type of contact

17. Experiences with long-duration diaries/observations • Diaries: • 10% response rate (to quota; with incentives) • No detectable reporting fatigue • High number of reported trips • GPS surveys: • No technological problems with car-based studies, but for the usual map matching problems • Person-based still not a proven concept • Imputation of purposes possible

18. Outlook • Development of common questions • Allocation of questions blocks between survey modes • Incentive versus intrusiveness trade-off • Tools to extract administrative records and to support their coding

19. Appendix

20. Economies of scale Economies of scope + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - Activity Tours t/pkm Fleet comfort slots vtts et al. vkm Market size GDP k Energy costs Elasticity > 0 Elasticity < 0 Slots: possibilities to move goods or people For a given infrastructure and commercial and private fleet Size of goods markets and productivity: A hypothesis

21. + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - Size of goods markets and productivity: A hypothesis Economies of scale Economies of scope Innovation Capital/Wages Prices Monopolies Transport system and demand Market size GDP k Energy costs Elastizität > 0 Elastizität < 0 k: Generalisierte Kosten