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Gandhi and the Indian Nationalist Movement (1900-1950): Struggle for Independence

Explore the Indian National Congress, Gandhi's leadership, Hindu-Muslim unity, and the fight for independence from British rule, including the Partition of India and Gandhi's assassination.

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Gandhi and the Indian Nationalist Movement (1900-1950): Struggle for Independence

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  1. The Indian Nationalist Movement and Gandhi 1900 - 1950

  2. Indian National Congress Comprised of Middle Class professionals and lawyers educated in England Majority of members Hindu Wanted greater self-government for Indians in India Muslim League Comprised of Middle Class professionals and lawyers educated in England Members Muslim Wanted independence for India and creation of 2 countries: India and Pakistan Two Organizations Fought For Independence in India

  3. Muhammad Ali Jinnah • Leader of the Muslim League who pushed for a separate country for Muslim Indians.

  4. Mohandas Gandhi • Studied law in England, practiced in South Africa • Joined the INC before WWI • Became leader of the INC because he was better able to relate to the problems of the common people • Believed in the idea of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha)

  5. Amritsar Massacre 1919 • Peaceful demonstration against British • Resulted in over 300 deaths • Convinced Gandhi that cooperation with the British was impossible

  6. Site of massacre today Alley that prevented the use of tanks

  7. Jinnah and Gandhi c. 1940

  8. Gandhi’s Influences • Hindu religion and “ahimsa” • Christ’s teaching to love one’s enemy • Henry David Thoreau’s philosophy of civil disobedience

  9. Gandhi’s Ideas and Methods • Satyagraha – protesting without using violence in order to win the enemy over

  10. Civil Disobedience • Breaking unjust laws • The Salt March 1930

  11. Boycotts • Gandhi urged Indians to stop buying British products • Making homespun cloth became the symbol of his movement

  12. Equality for Caste and Women • Gandhi fought to improve conditions for women and untouchables in India

  13. Hindu-Muslim Unity • “Indian first, Muslim or Hindu second” • Gandhi often fasted to end Hindu-Muslim conflict

  14. As Gandhi’s movement grew, British officials were forced to meet with him.

  15. India Received Independence in 1947 • India’s government resembles Britain's • India was Partitioned into 2 countries: India and Pakistan • Mass migrations occurred and Hindu -Muslim conflicts exploded • Gandhi was assassinated in 1948

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