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HIS3931 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1940-1968

Divided Europe. HIS3931 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1940-1968. War in Europe after 1940. Western Offensive, May 1940 Battle for Britain: A turning point?

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HIS3931 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1940-1968

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  1. Divided Europe HIS3931 Review: From Second World War to Cold War, 1940-1968

  2. War in Europe after 1940 • Western Offensive, May 1940 • Battle for Britain: A turning point? • Italy’s parallel war: Mussolini an asset or liability? African theater of war. • Britain stands alone? US/British relations up to 1941. • Operation Barbarossa: How does it change the course of the war?

  3. The “Inner War” • Internal developments: • Creating (colonizing) a “New Europe” • Resistance movements • German hegemony in Europe • Life behind the lines • Women at War • Role of intelligence and industrial productivity • Holocaust and crimes against humanity.

  4. Turning points • U.S. enters the war, 1941 • Battle of Stalingrad, 1942-43 (Kursk, etc.) • North African campaign/Italy defeated, 1941-1943 • Opening a second front, 1944: Operation Overlord and Bagration. • War in the Pacific: Turning points (Midway) • Colonial rule in Asia (Indochina, Burma, China)

  5. Politics of War • War-time conferences • Events: Warsaw uprising of 1944. • Manhattan project • Role of personalities: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, etc.

  6. End of War • Defeating Germany, 1944-1945: Significance of final battles (Arnhem, Bulge, Berlin, Atomic bombs in Japan) • Europe transformed: origins of Cold War • Greek Civil War, 1946-1949; Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift, 1948-49

  7. End of War Asia: Korean Conflict • June, 1950 – War begins with N. Korean invasion of south. • July, 1953 – Armistice signals end of fighting. • Tensions persist for the next five decades. • Consequences: First major “hot” conflict in the Cold War • U.S. commits to using military in order to enforce its “containment” doctrine. • War avoided between USSR and US.

  8. Africa: Independence movements, Time-table • 1951 – Libya becomes independent (from Italy) • 1956 – Morocco and Tunisia cede from France. • 1957 – Ghana becomes independent (from GB) • 1958 – Independence of Egypt. • 1961 – Republic of South Africa formed under a White-dominated government. • 1962 – Algeria becomes independent from France. • 1975 – Mozambique/Angola obtain independence from Portugal. • 1980 – Zimbabwe established after downfall of Rhodesian government in 1978-1979.

  9. Cold War, cont. • Western democracies: Great Britain, France, and Italy – 1945-1965 • Two Germanys – 1945-1965 • Cold War after Stalin, 1953-1965 • Khrushchev’s “secret speech” • Suez Crisis, 1956, Hungarian Uprising, 1956 • Berlin Crises, 1958-1961 (Berlin Wall) • Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 • Czechoslovakian Crisis, 1968

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