1 / 63

THE COLD WAR, 1945-1990

THE COLD WAR, 1945-1990. SSUSH20 The student will analyze the impact of the Cold War on the United States. a. Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.

channary-khin
Download Presentation

THE COLD WAR, 1945-1990

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE COLD WAR, 1945-1990 • SSUSH20 The student will analyze the impact of the Cold War on the United States. • a. Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy. • b. Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China and the outbreak of the Korean War and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy. • c. Describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis. • d. Describe the Vietnam War, the Tet offensive, and growing opposition to the war. • e. Explain the role of geography on the US containment policy, the Korean War, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.

  2. THE COLD WAR • 1.The Cold War was the state of conflict, tension and competition that existed between the superpowers, the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR), and their respective allies, from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s. • USA VS. USSR • CAPITALISM VS. COMMUNISM • DEMOCRACY VS. DICTATORSHIP • SUPERPOWERS: GOAL: SPREAD IDEOLOGY (IDEAS, BELIEFS)

  3. THE COLD WAR • 2. Rivalry between the two superpowers was expressed through military coalitions, propaganda, espionage, weapons development, industrial advances, and competitive technological development, e.g., the space race.

  4. THE COLD WAR • 3. Both superpowers engaged in costly defense spending, a massive conventional and nucleararms race, and numerous wars.

  5. CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR • * American fear of communist attack • * Truman’s (USA) dislike of Stalin (USSR) • * Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb  • * Russia’s dislike of capitalism • * Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany • * America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets • * Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe and broken election promises in Eastern European nations • * Russia’s fear of American attack • * Russia’s need for a secure western border • * Russia’s aim of spreading world communism

  6. UNITED STATES REACTIONS TO THE COLD WAR • 1. THE MARSHALL PLAN-ECONOMIC AID TO EUROPE • 2. USA COMMITMENT TO EUROPE-FORMATION OF NATO ALLIANCE (AND WARSAW PACT, REACTION) • 3. TRUMAN DOCTRINE-CONTAINMENT, STOPPING SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

  7. COLD WAR, MARSHALL PLAN • 1.EUROPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM, AFTER WW II, 1947 • 2.GEORGE MARSHALL, SEC. OF STATE • 3.PROGRAM TO REBUILD WESTERN EUROPE AND OPPOSE COMMUNISM AFTER WW II • 4.PROGRAM WAS OFFERED TO USSR AND ALLIES IF POLITICAL REFORM STARTED AND SOME OUTSIDE CONTROL ALLOWED.

  8. GEORGE MARSHALL COLD WAR

  9. COLD WAR, USA COMMITMENT TO EUROPE • 1. FORMATION OF NATO ALLIANCE, 1949, BY USA, DEFENSE/MILITARY • 2. NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION • 3. MEMBER NATIONS INCLUDED MOST OF W. EUROPEAN NATIONS • 4. REACTION: USSR FORMED WARSAW PACT,1955, DEFENSE/MILITARY

  10. 1. NATO, 1949 2. WARSAW PACT, 1955 NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT

  11. NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT, A COMPARISON

  12. NATO, 2008

  13. COLD WAR, USA COMMITMENT TO EUROPE, CONTINUED • 5.REACTION BY USA: CONTAINMENT POLICY • 6.STOP SPREAD OF COMMUNISM • 7.CONTAINMENT WAS PART OF USA FOREIGN POLICY DURING COLD WAR.

  14. COLD WAR, TRUMAN DOCTRINE • 1.1947, PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN • 2.USA MILITARY AND ECONOMIC AID TO ANY NATION TO PREVENT COMMUNISM • 3.TRUMAN, “SUPPORT FREE PEOPLES WHO ARE RESISITING ATTEMPTED SUBJUGATION BY ARMED MINORITIES OR BY OUTSIDE PRESSURES” • 4.USSR NEVER DIRECTLY MENTIONED

  15. The Truman Doctrine is a proclamation by Harry S. Truman, President of the United States on March 12, 1947. It stated that the U.S. would support the Kingdom of Greece and Turkey economically and militarily to prevent their falling under Soviet control. Truman called upon the U.S. to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." COLD WAR AND TRUMAN DOCTRINE

  16. COLD WAR AND THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN ASIA: CHINA • 1.CHINESE CIVIL WAR, 1945-1949 • 2.CHINESE COMMUNISTS VS. CHINESE NATIONALISTS • 3.MAO ZEDONG VS. CHIANG KAI-SHEK • 4.RESULT: CHINESE COMMUNIST WIN • 5.RESULT: PEOPLES’ REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) • 6.CHINESE NATIONALISTS FLEE TO ISLAND OF TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA (RC)

  17. The Chinese Civil War, Nationalist-Communist Civil War, "War of Liberation", actually lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, and was a civil war in China between the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party (CPC). The war represented an ideological split between the Western-supported Nationalist KMT, and the Soviet-supported Communist CPC. CHINESE CIVIL WAR

  18. CHINESE CIVIL WAR, LEADERS CHIANG KAI SHEK AND MAO ZEDONG

  19. COLD WAR, KOREAN CONFLICT • 1. 1950-53 • 2. PRC SUPPORTED CONFLICT • 3.COMMUNIST N. KOREA AND PRC INVADED DEMOCRATIC S. KOREA • 4. USA AND 15 OTHER UN NATIONS AIDED S. KOREA • 5. 1953, ARMISTICE SIGNED • 6. RESULT: DIVIDED KOREAN PENINSULA AT 38TH PARALLEL (LINE OF LATITUDE)

  20. KOREAN CONFLICT

  21. RESULTS OF KOREAN CONFLICT • 1.COMMUNISM CONTAINED. • 2.TWO KOREAS, COMMUNIST N. AND DEMOCRATIC S. • 3. 54,000 AMERICAN DEATHS • 4.FEAR OF SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN USA • 5.SECOND RED SCARE, MCCARTHYISM

  22. RISE TO POWER, SENATOR JOSEPH MCCARTHY • 1.U.S. SENATOR, R., WISCONSIN • 2.NEEDED AN ISSUE TO BE REELECTED • 3.MADE CHARGE COMMUNISTS WERE OVERTAKING U.S. GOVT • 4.BLAMED DEMOCRATIC PARTY FOR ALLEGED COMMUNIST INFILTRATION IN U.S. GOVT

  23. SECOND RED SCARE, MCCARTHYISM, 1950S • 1. McCarthyism is a term denoting the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s. This period is also referred to as the Second Red Scare, and coincided with increased fears about communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents.

  24. SECOND RED SCARE • 2. Originally coined to criticize the actions of U.S. SenatorJoseph McCarthy, "McCarthyism" later took on a more general meaning, not necessarily referring to the conduct of Joseph McCarthy alone.

  25. 1.USSR ESTABLISHED COMMUNIST GOVTS IN E. EUROPE 2.USSR, A-BOMB 3.KOREAN CONFLICT STALEMATE 4.PRC, 1949 5.ACCUSATIONS THAT USA PRES. HARRY TRUMAN WAS SOFT ON COMMUNISM 6.DESIRE BY SOME AMERICANS TO STOP SPREAD OF COMMUNISM TO USA SECOND RED SCARE CAUSES

  26. RESULTS OF SECOND RED SCARE • 1.ALLEGED COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS IN UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY • 2.CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATIONS OF COMMUNISTS IN USA

  27. Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a RepublicanU.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period of intense anti-communist suspicion inspired by the tensions of the Cold War. JOSEPH MCCARTHY

  28. MCCARTHYISM • The term "McCarthyism," coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon applied to similar anti-communist pursuits. Today the term is used more generally to describe demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or patriotism of political opponents.

  29. COLD WAR “WALLS” • 1.BERLIN WALL, 1961, BUILT BY USSR AND E. GERMANY; PHYSICAL WALL • 2.38TH PARALLEL, DIVIDES N. AND S. KOREA; FIGURATIVE WALL • 3.BREAKING THROUGH THE WALLS CAUSED CONFLICT.

  30. COLD WAR WALLS, BERLIN WALL

  31. THE BERLIN WALL

  32. BERLIN WALL

  33. BERLIN WALL

  34. THE 38TH PARALLEL • The 38th parallel was first suggested as a dividing line for Korea in 1902.. Russia was attempting to pull Korea under its control, while Japan had just secured recognition of its rights in Korea from the British. In an attempt to prevent any conflict, Japan proposed to Russia that the two sides split Korea into separate spheres of influence along the 38th parallel. However, no formal agreement was ever reached, and Japan later took full control of Korea.

  35. THE 38TH PARALLEL • After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the parallel was established as the boundary. • In 1948, the dividing line became the boundary between the newly independent countries of North and South Korea. After the ceasefire that effectively ended the Korean War (1950-1953), a new border was established through the middle of the Demilitarized Zone, which cuts across the 38th parallel at an acute angle, from southwest to northeast.

  36. THE 38TH PARALLEL

  37. THE 38TH PARALLEL

  38. The Korean Demilitarized Zone is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula that serves as a buffer zone between North and SouthKorea. The DMZ cuts the Korean Peninsula roughly in half, crossing the 38th parallel on an angle, with the west end of the DMZ lying south of the parallel and the east end lying north of it. It is 155 miles (248 km) long and approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) wide, and is the most heavily armed border in the world. THE 38TH PARALLEL AND THE DEMILITARIZED ZONE BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA

  39. SOUTH KOREA NORTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA AND NORTH KOREA

  40. COLD WAR CONFLICT, CUBA • 1.CUBAN REVOLUTION, 1956-59 • 2.BAY OF PIGS INVASION, 1961 • 3.CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS, 1962

  41. CUBAN REVOLUTION • The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolution that led to the overthrow of the United States supported ruler General Fulgencio Batista's regime on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July Movement and other revolutionary elements within the country. The Cuban Revolution also refers to the ongoing implementation of social and economic programs by the new government since the overthrow of the Batista dictatorship, including the implementation of Marxist policies.

  42. 1.Fidel Castro2.Ernesto "Che" Guevara3.Raul Castro4.Camilo Cienfuegos5.Huber Matos LEADERS OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION

  43. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13, 1926) is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until his resignation from the office in February 2008. FIDEL CASTRO

  44. BAY OF PIGS INCIDENT • 1.CUBAN EXILES FROM USA INVADE CUBA WITH SUPPORT OF U.S. MILITARY. • 2.U.S. AIRSTRIKE FAILED TO DESTROY CUBAN AIRFORCE • 3.FAILED INVASION, POOR PLANNING • 4.EMBARRASSED USA PAID CUBA 53 MIL OF FOOD AND MEDICINES FOR RELEASE OF CAPTIVES.

  45. The bay is the site of the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, an unsuccessful April 17 1961 United StatesCIA-backed invasion which many people believe was directed by PresidentJohn F. Kennedy in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. BAY OF PIGS

  46. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS • 1.USSR AND CUBA BUILT MISSILES IN CUBA AIMED AT USA • 2.WHY? CUBA’S DEFENSE AGAINST USA • 3.USA REACTION: PRESIDENT JOHN KENNEDY (JFK) ORDERED A BLOCKADE OF CUBA AND THREATENED A USA INVASION OF CUBA. • 4.USSR REMOVED MISSILES IN CUBA; USA REMOVE MISSLES IN TURKEY AIMED AT USSR.

  47. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS • The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War. In Russia, it is termed the "Caribbean Crisis,“ while in Cuba it is called the "October Crisis." The crisis ranks with the Berlin Blockade as one of the major confrontations of the Cold War, and is often regarded as the moment in which the Cold War came closest to a nuclear war.

  48. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

  49. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

  50. JFK VS. NK, USA VS. USSR IN CUBA

More Related