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Black Hole Chaos

Black Hole Chaos. The Environments of the most super-massive black holes in the Universe. Belinda Wilkes, Chandra X-ray Center, CfA Francesca Civano, CfA. Black Hole. Nothing beats gravity → collapses forever Light cannot escape from inside the event horizon.

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Black Hole Chaos

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  1. Black Hole Chaos The Environments of the most super-massive black holes in the Universe Belinda Wilkes, Chandra X-ray Center, CfA Francesca Civano, CfA

  2. Black Hole • Nothing beats gravity → collapses forever • Light cannot escape from inside the event horizon Matter spiraling inwards → accretion disk

  3. Stellar Mass Black Hole Star Jet • Big, old star blows up • Can be seen when in binary star systems • BH pulls matter from companion star • Bright, variable/bursting sources BH and accretion disk

  4. Black Hole: Mass and Spin • Properties determine their effects on their surroundings • Spinning BH has a smaller “size” (event horizon is closer in) No spin With spin

  5. Super-massive Black Hole (SMBH) Galaxy-sized! • Formed in centers of galaxies in early Universe • 1 million – 1 billion times Sun’s mass • SMBH size ~ our solar system (15 lt mins) • SMBH grows as material falls in

  6. Central Regions: Accretion Disk spinning around SMBH • Matter spirals in to galactic center and forms an accretion disk (~few lt.yrs.) • Becomes very hot and outshines the 10 billion stars in the host galaxy → Quasar • Hottest near center • X-rays good clear view, even when edge-on • BH grows as matter falls in • Other matter is pushed outwards: jets, winds

  7. But this one is real: Cen A Artist’s Impressions!

  8. Model of Polar Jets Accretion with latitude-dependent angular momentum and radial magnetic field can launch and sustain a jet Proga et al. 2003

  9. Radio Jets • Electrons spiral around magnetic field at velocities close to light • Emit radio-X-rays “non-thermal” emission radio

  10. Chandra X-ray Observatory NASA’s X-ray Eye on the Universe Launched in 1999

  11. Actual Chandra First Light • Point source to focus telescope • PKS0637-75, quasar at large distance (z=0.5, 3 Gpc) • Shadow on side! • Known to have radio jet • X-ray Jet visible: 5” long, 200,000 lyrs

  12. X-ray/Radio Jets in Quasars: M87 Galaxy M87 jet in X-ray, radio and optical

  13. MS0735.6 Radio/X-ray More jets! 3C273 X-ray Cygnus A radio

  14. Accretion Disk Winds • Wind blown off surface of accretion disk • Accelerated by radiation pressure • High velocity gas observed X-ray source AD surface Proga et al. 2000

  15. How do SMBHs form and grow? • Secular: accreting from within the galaxy • Group: accretes from within the group of galaxies • Cosmological: accretes from cold dark matter filaments • Major Mergers: Hopkins et al (2008)

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