18.1 Finding Order in Diversity

1. 18.1 Finding Order in Diversity By: Natalie Baumann

2. Assigning Scientific Names • We assign scientific names because each place in the world has different names for animals. • Ex. in the UK the word “Buzzard” means a hawk, while in the US it means a vulture • A Swedish botanist came up with a two word naming system called binomial nomenclature where each species is assigned a two part scientific name.

3. Classifying Species into Larger Groups • Scientists tried to classify organisms into larger groups that have a biological meaning • This process of organizing living thing is called systematics

4. The Linnaean Classification System • Linnaeus found a way to group species into taxa, or larger groups • Over time his system expanded into seven hierarchical taxa: Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom with kingdom being the most general and encompassing all multicellular organisms, and species being the most specific

5. Problems With Traditional Classification • Over time systematics have emphasized a variety of differences between those of the same species • There is already a natural classification of organisms determined by with whom they mate

6. A branching diagram depicting the successive points of species divergence from common ancestral lines without regard to the degree of deviation.

7. Evolution any process of formation or growth; development: the evolution of a language

8. Derived Character- trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in its ancestors

9. Common Ancestors

10. A clade- A group of species that includes a single common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor