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Neuromuscular Microstimulators

Neuromuscular Microstimulators. Chris Morino BME 281. Neuroplasticity. The brain ability to actively rewire itself in response to external stimuli This ability inspired people to create the microstimulator. History. 1960 Liberson ’ s drop foot stimulator

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Neuromuscular Microstimulators

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  1. Neuromuscular Microstimulators Chris Morino BME 281

  2. Neuroplasticity • The brain ability to actively rewire itself in response to external stimuli • This ability inspired people to create the microstimulator

  3. History • 1960 Liberson’s drop foot stimulator • 1989 AMF began working on the mircostimulator • late 1990s Mayo clinic performs Occipital nerve stimulation for medically refractory headache pain • 2008 AMF develops working prototypes of injectable microstimulators without exoskeleton system

  4. Old verse new Old New

  5. How does it work? • Send little electrical shocks to muscles to induce movement • Contains the pulse generator and the electrode together in a package the size of a matchstick • Controlled wirelessly with a cell phone like controller that tells each independent implant when to stimulate

  6. Inside look

  7. Different types

  8. How is it implanted? • Bion insertion tool • Makes the small implants into precisely localized sites within the body a simple task for surgeons

  9. Reason for Microstimulartors • Over 32 million (70% women) suffer from migraines • 11, 000 suffer a spinal cord injury • 750,000 people suffer a stroke • 5.3 million with after affects of traumatic brain injury

  10. What they have to offer • Can be implanted directly into the damage muscle tissue • Helps reteach the brain how to reuse damaged muscles • No side affects for having it implanted for long period of time

  11. Experimentation • Alfred Mann Foundation funded research for this device • Dr. Ross Davis responsible for the implantation • Dr. Daniel Merrill consultant on the research • Goal: to examine the effect of home based electrical stimulation using closed- loop control of implanted microstimulators on upper limb function

  12. Results • 5 out of 6 patients said it changed their lives • Over a 12 week period patients had dramatic change • Improved their function with the impaired upper limbs • Although external components were inconvenient for patients

  13. Availability • The internal device is unfortunately restricted to investigational use only • Although similar experiments were performed in the United Kingdom using the internal device • Results came back positive after 12 weeks of stimulating

  14. Future • Working on stimulators that can also sense changes in pressure, limb angle, muscle activity and temperature • Application for lower extremities • Get past the investigative stage in the United States to truly tap the potential this device is capable of.

  15. References • URI BME 281 BME Seminar II <www.ele.uri.edu/courses/bme281>. • Burridge, Jane H., Ruth Turk, Daniel Merrill, Bridget Dibb, Ann-Marie Hughes, Owen Sparrow, Helen Roberts, and Ross Davis. "A Personalized Sensor-Controlled Microstimulator System for Arm Rehabilitation Poststroke. Part 2: Objective Outcomes and Patients' Perspectives." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface (2010): No. Print. • "Microstimulators Hold Promise for Some Medically Refractory Headaches."Microstimulators Hold Promise for Some Medically Refractory Headaches. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. • http://aemf.org/our-research/current-focus/neuromuscular-disorders/ • "SpringerImages." SpringerImages. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. • http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10439-009-9739-5

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