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CULTURE

CULTURE. E.B. Tyler & Malissa Quigley Amanda Cook. Culture:. Is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society. E.B Tyler. KNOWLEDGE. Learning or knowing

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CULTURE

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  1. CULTURE E.B. Tyler & Malissa Quigley Amanda Cook

  2. Culture: • Is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society. • E.B Tyler

  3. KNOWLEDGE • Learning or knowing • Examples: • Addition • Grammar • Language systems • Writing systems • Names

  4. Beliefs • Acceptance of the truth • Examples: • Truth • Christianity • Buddhism

  5. Art • Any system of rules and principles that facilitates skilled human accomplishments. • Examples: • Music • Sculptures • Paintings • Poetry

  6. Morals • A point of view of right and wrong • Examples: • Ten Commandments • Pillars of faith • Bible • Bill of Rights • Koran

  7. Laws • Are rules • Examples: • Must be 18 years of age to vote • Bill of Rights

  8. Customs • An ordinary way of acting or behaving • Examples: • Christmas • Birthdays • Praying 5 times a day facing Mecca • Easter • Getting candy at Halloween

  9. Society • A group of people united by a common way of life

  10. All people, in all places, at all times have culture Culture is everything you think, do, and have.

  11. Two Categories of Culture Material Non-Material This type of culture is abstract. It is everything that can not be indentified by your senses. • This type of culture is concrete. It is everything that can be identified by your senses.

  12. Hypothetical Situation: • The country in which we live is going to destroyed. However, there is a capsule that we can fit four material objects. The capsule is 2 feet wide, 2 feet high, and 3 feet long. What would you place in the capsule to represent our culture?

  13. Carl Sagan Voyager: Algebraic equation Symbol of Man and Woman All different types of languages on a Golden Record “Greetings from the children of the planet Earth”.

  14. Heredity • Is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring • Family Heritage- Family Tree • Cultural Heritage- Ancestral • Hints: customs like German chocolate cake

  15. 1. 5. 2. 6. 9. 3. 7. 4. 10. 8.

  16. Families • Nuclear family • Parents • Offspring • Extended family • Parents • Offspring • Grandparents • Uncles • Cousins • Etc.

  17. Civilizations • A level of cultural development • What are the four characteristic of a civilization? • People • Laws or rules • Shelters • Language system

  18. Social Norms • A social rule. A standard rule of conduct or an accepted behavior in a society. • What are the three types of social norms?

  19. Social Norm • 1) Folkways- ordinary rules of daily behavior • 2) Mores- are customs which are believed to be necessary to the welfare of society • 3) Laws- rules

  20. History Edward Carr- “ unending dialogue between the present and the past.”

  21. Have social norms developed as a result of your history? True or False Explain why it is True or False How did social norms develop?

  22. Define the following terms: Archaeology-is the study of early human remains Archaeologists-is an expert who studies past human life Anthropology-is the study of the origins of human beings and their cultural development Paleoanthropologist- is an expert who studies ancient fossils of people Economic Organization- One of the seven cultural systems, refers to that system of production, allocation, distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needs

  23. Procedures of Archeology Step 1 Getting your degree Step 2 Select a site and develop a research design Step 3 Get an adequate permit. Step 4 Establish the budget

  24. Procedures cont. Step 5 Identify laboratory experts to whom you will send samples Step 6 Survey the area and bring tool Step 7 Design any preprinted forms and field notebooks to use for recording data. Step 8 Plan for publication.

  25. Pictures of Archaeological Dig

  26. Can you guess what happened at this dig site?

  27. Can you guess what happed at this dig site?

  28. Torralba I. Problem: What happened in area 1,2,3,4? II. Legend: Area1 Area 2 Area 3 Area4 Cleaver

  29. Legend:

  30. lll.Hypothesis: Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4

  31. IV. Archaeological Dating: Relative Dating Stratigraphy Tree Ring Dating Archeomagnetic Obsidian Hydration Carbon 14

  32. Define the following: • Paleolithic • Neanderthal • Hunters-Gatherers • Cro-Magnon • Subsistence • Neolithic • Surplus • Generalized • Specialized • Homo erectus • Homo habilis

  33. Economic Organization • Refers to that system of production, allocation, and distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needs.

  34. Production- What do we produce? • Allocation- Who gets what is produced? How much? Who gets it first? • Distribution- How we get the products to the people?

  35. What is the United States economic system? Capitalism- Free enterprise

  36. Hierarchy of Mankind Hierarchy- System of ranking

  37. Hunters and Gatherers Hunted animals and gathered berries Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence

  38. Nomadic Herders Moved with their livestock Nomadic- moving from place to place Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence

  39. Horticultural Worked the land by using hand tools Method called slash and burn Technology: Generalized Economics: Subsistence

  40. Agricultural Non Commercial Worked the land by using wooden plows and animals Technology: Semi Specialized Economic: Subsistence

  41. Agricultural Commercial Worked the land using machinery Technology: Specialized Economic: Surplus

  42. Industrial The rise of factories Technology: Specialized Economics: Surplus

  43. Informational Age The ability to transfer information freely Technology: Specialized Economics: Surplus

  44. Historical Dates • B.C- • B.C.E- • A.D.- • C.E.- • Time Periods: Prehistoric- • Ice Age- • Paleolithic- • Neolithic- Historic-

  45. Species • Homo habilis • “skillful man” • Louis Leakey • Homo erectus • “man who walks upright” • Richard Leakey • Donald Johanson-Lucy

  46. Species Neanderthals Discovered in the valley of Neander, Germany Homo sapien- “man who thinks” Cro-Magnon Discovered in France Homo sapien- “man who thinks” Homo sapien sapien- fully modern people

  47. Species Homo habilis Homo erectus Neanderthal Cro-Magnon HomoSapienSapien

  48. REVIEW Two categories of culture – Material Non Material   Heredity – transmission of characteristics to offspring   Civilization – level of cultural development   All people in all places at all times have culture Social Norms - Social Rule Types of social norms – folkways, mores, and laws  Economic Organization – production, allocation distribution   Name famous archeologist – Richard Leakey, Louis Leakey  History – Non-ending Dialogue, Edward Carr Economic system of US– capitalism

  49. REVIEW Nomadic – Move from place to place   Sedentary – Settle down Hunters and gatherers – Live during the ice age, nomadic Generalized Technology – One tool with many functions Subsistence – Eat what you produce, produce what you eat Paleolithic – Old Stone Age Homo habilis – Man with ability, Louis Leakey Homo erectus – Man who walks upright , Richard Leakey Neanderthal – Germany Cro-magnon – France Lucy- discovered by Donald Johanson Baton- use bone or wood to make a stone tool

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