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AP: Watergate

AP: Watergate. Terms. Names. Richard Nixon Daniel Ellsberg Spiro T. Agnew Bob Haldeman John Ehrlichman John Mitchell Henry Kissinger Judge Sirica Senator Muskie Senator McGovern Bob Woodward Carl Bernstein Senator Ervin John Dean Gerald Ford Archibald Cox George H.W. Bush.

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AP: Watergate

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  1. AP: Watergate Terms Names Richard Nixon Daniel Ellsberg Spiro T. Agnew Bob Haldeman John Ehrlichman John Mitchell Henry Kissinger Judge Sirica Senator Muskie Senator McGovern Bob Woodward Carl Bernstein Senator Ervin John Dean Gerald Ford Archibald Cox George H.W. Bush • Watergate Scandal • Silent Majority • “Enemies List” • Wiretap • Pentagon Papers • Credibility Gap • “Plumbers” • CREEP • “Dirty Tricks” • “Hush Money” • “Cover Up” • Special Prosecutor • Impeach • Obstruction of Justice • “Imperial Presidency” • Executive Privilege • 25th Amendment

  2. RHS Honor Guard • Wanted: Junior Applicants • Make your school proud! • Make happy memories!

  3. Watergate The events that led to the resignation of President Nixon

  4. Watergate—Pathways p. 838 • 1. Richard Nixon • 2. Watergate Scandal • 3. Wiretap • 4. Pentagon Papers • 5. Special Prosecutor • 6. Impeach • 7. 25th Amendment • 8. “Imperial Presidency” (see notes) • 9. “Silent Majority” (see Glossary or p. 814) • 10. Gerald Ford

  5. 1. Nixon, the man • Childhood in California • Duke University, service during WWII • Marriage to Pat • Congress and Senate--Republican • Election Tactics • Alger Hiss case • The Checkers speech • Vice-president under Eisenhower

  6. 2. Elections of 1960s • The press • The debate • The election of 1960—loss to JFK • Feelings of being “the outsider” • Loss in 1962 for governorship of California • Election of 1968 (Republican Nixon over VP Humphrey and the splintered Democratic Party) • “The Silent Majority”

  7. 3. The Imperial Presidency • “dirty tricks” • “enemies list” • “plumbers”—they plug up leaks • Leaks—information exposed unintentionally • Paranoia? • “The Credibility Gap” (the truth vs. what the government presented as the truth) • The Pentagon Papers • Daniel Ellsberg and his psychiatrist

  8. 4. Watergate • Five men break-in, June 1972 (before the convention and presidential election in November) at the Democratic Party Headquarters in The Watergate Office Building • Goal: To steal the secrets of the McGovern campaign for President • Arrest and arraignment—they “take the fifth”—prison • They are connected to the Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP) • Nixon told CIA and FBI not to pursue investigation • Two reporters—Woodward and Bernstein—investigated for The Washington Post (book and film, All the President’s Men) • Secret news sources—newspaper coverage • President won re-election by a landslide • More newspaper coverage leads to a televised Senate investigation • Meanwhile, after accusations of bribery, VP Agnew resigned—appointment of Ford as VP

  9. 5. Executive Privilege • Special prosecutors were appointed by the President • White House aides fired by President • Aides brought before Senate and reveal little • John Dean tells committee about a taping system in Oval Office • Congress subpoenas tapes • “I am not a crook” • Special Prosecutors fired by the President • “Saturday Night Massacre” • Public Outrage • Transcripts of tapes released • Supreme Court ordered release of tapes • 12 minutes missing

  10. 6. Exposure of the President • “Cover up” and “Hush Money” exposed • House of Representatives votes for articles of impeachment • Republican Party Chairman, George HW Bush advises resignation • Nixon announces resignation, August, 1974 • Nixon retires to California • Ford sworn in as President

  11. Men who went to prison • Haldeman • Ehrlichman • Dean • Burglars • “Plumbers” and others… • In 1974, President Ford issued a full pardon of Nixon, thus ending a two-year nightmare • Governor Nelson Rockefeller became Ford’s VP

  12. 7. Positive Aspects of Nixon’s Presidency • Troops came home from Vietnam in 1974 (Vietnamization) • 26th amendment—18 year olds got the vote in 1971 • Historic visit to Communist China, 1972 • Détente (friendship) with USSR • SALT I (arms limitation treaty) • Clean Air Act • National health insurance program proposed

  13. 8. Changes since Watergate • Full investigation of public officials • Freedom of Information Act • Scrutiny of candidates and records • Skepticism of public • Aggressive/assertive press • In a later interview, Nixon affirmed that as President he was “above the law.” Do you think that our current President is “above the law”?

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