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Distribution Planning. Distribution Planning. Multiple Channels. Foreign markets. Control versus cost. Intensity. Lesson Objectives. Using multiple channels Control versus costs Distribution intensity levels Effects of Internet on distribution planning
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Distribution Planning Distribution Planning Multiple Channels Foreign markets Control versus cost Intensity
Lesson Objectives • Using multiple channels • Control versus costs • Distribution intensity levels • Effects of Internet on distribution planning • Challenges for international distribution
Control Versus Cost Question:Your own sales force (direct distribution)ORHire outside agents or sell to wholesaler(indirect distribution)?
Company Sales Force • More control BUT… • More Cost • Salaries • Benefits • Travel expenses
Using Agents Less Cost • No reimbursement • Pay on commission • No benefits/perks Less Control • Not on your payroll • Not scheduled by you • Independent
Question:What stores or outlets should you use to market your products?
Intensive Distribution • Using ALL suitable outlets • Highly competitive products • Frequently purchased products • Convenience goods (“everyday” goods)
Selective Distribution • Use of limited outlets within a given geographic area • Regional malls • Department Stores • Large specialty stores • Moderate to high-end consumer products • Clothing, appliances, furnishings
Exclusive Distribution • Using only one intermediary within a geographic area • Franchises • Car dealerships
Integrated Distribution • Manufacturer owns and runs retail outlet • Outlet stores • GAP North GA Premium Outlets Dawsonville, GA
E-Commerce • Internet sales • E-marketplace • B2B operations • Price comparisons • Exposure for smaller businesses
Legal and Ethical Considerations • Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 • Prohibits monopolies • Prohibits involuntary arrangements • American Marketing Assoc. Code of Ethics • Manipulation of product availability for exploitation • Coercion acts in the marketing channel • Undue influence of reseller’s handling of product
Distribution in Foreign Markets • Experimenting with strategies • GM in Taiwan • Cultural differences • Reebok in Europe
Distribution Planning Distribution Planning Multiple Channels Foreign markets Control versus cost Intensity