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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. Main Function: It releases hormones into the blood to signal other cells to behave in certain ways. It is a slow but widespread form of communication. Chemical. Regulation. The Endocrine System. Consists of:.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System • Main Function: It releaseshormones into the blood to signal other cells to behave in certain ways. It is a slow but widespreadform of communication. Chemical Regulation

  2. The Endocrine System Consists of: Endocrine glands: Release hormones DIRECTLY into the circulatory system Hormones

  3. Hormones Chemicals released in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body. growth hormones

  4. Hormone fits receptor on “target” cell targetcell secretingcell non-targetcells can’treadsignal can’treadsignal

  5. Pituitary Gland- “theMaster Gland” Hormone: Growth Hormone 1. Stimulates bones to elongate 2. Affects metabolism

  6. Pituitary Gland-Growth Hormone Disorders: Oversecretion: In early childhood = Gigantism In adults = Acromegaly (bones of hands, feet and face enlarge) Undersecretion: In childhood = Dwarfism Robert Wadlow

  7. Thyroid Gland Hormone: Thyroxine • Regulates metabolism (necessary for normal physical and mental development)

  8. Thyroxine Disorders: Oversecretion: Nervousness, weightloss Undersecretion: In childhood, cretinism (mental retardation, small size)

  9. Goiter Iodine Deficiency in the diet = an enlarged thyroid gland

  10. Parathyroid Gland Hormone: Parathormone Controls metabolism of calcium Necessary for: • Nerve and Muscle function • Blood clotting • Health of Bones and Teeth Parathyroid Glands

  11. Parathormone Disorders: Undersecretion: • Nerve disorders • Brittle bones • Clotting disorders

  12. Adrenal Gland Hormones: Cortisone Regulates carbohydrates, protein and lipid metabolism. (Promotes the change of lipid and protein to glucose) Adrenaline 1. Raises blood sugar level 2. Increases Heartbeat & Breathing rate

  13. Cortisone Disorders: Oversecretion: Cushing’s Disease – high blood glucose, excess of fat Undersecretion: Addison’s Disease – low blood glucose, weight loss

  14. Adrenaline Disorders: Undersecretion: Inability to deal with stress.

  15. Pancreas: Islets of Langerhans Hormones: Insulin Stimulates glucose uptake by cells Glucagon Promotes liver to change glycogen to glucose

  16. Insulin Disorders: Oversecretion: Low Blood Sugar Undersecretion: High Blood Sugar = Diabetes

  17. pancreas high liver low pancreas liver Regulation of Blood Sugar: Negative Feedback insulin body cells takeup glucose from blood liver storessugar as glycogen reducesappetite blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) After a meal Between meals liver releasesglucose triggershunger glucagon

  18. high low Negative Feedback: Nervous System sweating lowerstemperature Body Temperature raisestemperature shivering

  19. What about the Ovaries and the Testes? • Don’t worry, we’re saving them for our unit on Reproduction

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