United States Civil War

1. United States Civil War

2. Before the War • The 7 most southern states had already seceded from the Union. • South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas • Officially formed the Confederate States of America on Feb. 4th, 1861

3. Fort Sumter • South Carolina in the Charleston Harbor. • One of two Union forts in the south. • The confederacy demanded the surrender of the fort • Lincoln says that the US would not surrender, but an act of violence upon the fort would be blood on the Confederate’s hands • Jefferson Davis chose to attack the fort. • The Civil War has begun.

4. Response to Fort Sumter • North • Lincoln called for troops from all Union States. • Overwhelmingly supported by most states. • South • April 17, Virginia secedes from the Union • VA is most industrialized, populated, and psychologically important state in the south. • TN, AR, and NC secede in May • West Virginia breaks from VA and is admitted as a free state in 1863 • Border • DE, KY, MD, MO were slave holding states that remained in the Union.

5. Union Vs Confederacy

6. The Matchup

7. Resources

8. Railroad Lines in 1860

9. Northern Advantages

10. Southern Advantages

11. The Union Strategy • Naval blockade of southern ports • No exportation of cotton nor importation of manufactured goods • Split the Confederacy into 2 down the Mississippi River • Capture Richmond, VA Anaconda plan

12. Southern Strategy • Survive

13. Battle of Bull Run • Irwin Mcdowell • Stonewall Jackson

14. Battle of Bull Run

15. Battle of Bull Run • “I saw officers… majors and colonels who had deserted their commands – pass me galloping as if for dear life… For three miles, hosts of _______ Troops.. All mingled in one disorderly rout. Wounded men lying along the banks… appealed with raised hands to those who rode horses, begging to be lifted behind, bur few regarded such petitions. • Correspondent, New York World, 1861

16. Battle of Bull Run • Though the Union had the upper hand, the Confederates gained reinforcements • The Union army was defeated in their attempt to capture Richmond. • An initial attempt to attack Washington, D.C. did not pan out after it was deemed the troops were too tired and disorganized.

17. Northern Response to Bull Run • Lincoln calls for 500,000 men to enlist for 3 years rather than the usual 3 month enlistment. • 3 days later he calls for 500,000 more. • Lincoln appoints General George McClellan to lead the Union Army. • The Union turns attention to the Mississippi under the lead of General Ulysses S. Grant. • No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender • Battle of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

18. Battle on the Water • Monitor vs. Merrimack

19. Battle of Antietam • General Robert E. Lee was moving his army across the Potomac towards Washington D.C. • Cigar Wrapper • 26,000 casualties during the battle • Single bloodiest day in American history. • The Union army, under McClellan decides to allow the Confederate forces to retreat. • Pursuing the army may have ended the war. • Lincoln soon fires McClellan

20. Lincoln and Slavery • “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy Slavery.” - Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln began to see that his dealings with slavery could change the tide of the war. • Lincoln decides to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

21. Emancipation Proclamation • Speech given on January 1, 1863. • “All persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free… And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favor of Almighty God.”

22. Emancipation Proclamation • This proclamation did not immediately free the slaves. • Only slaves in states that are in rebellion are officially freed. • Can a person have a slave in Maryland?

23. Lincoln overstepping? • Habeas Corpus – a court order that requires authorities to bring a person held in jail before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed. • Yeah, Lincoln stopped this process • What do you think this means? • More than 13,000 Confederate sympathizers in the Union were held in jail without trial. • Conscription- The act of forcing people into fighting in the military. • Copperheads – northerners that advocated peace with the south

24. Clara Barton

25. Gettysburg

26. Battle of Gettysburg • Before the battle • Stonewall Jackson is shot in the arm at the battle of Chancellorsville. • Jackson dies soon after. • Lee hoped that moving his troops into the North would prove significant to politics is both the North and the South. • What comes next is the most decisive and important battles in American history. • 3 days

27. Battle of Gettysburg • Day 1 • Confederate army under the direction of A.P. Hill and Robert E. Lee • Union army under the direction of General George Meade and John Buford • Buford ordered his men to take defensive position on the hills and ridges.

28. Battle of Gettysburg • Day 2 • Battle of Little Round Top • 90,000 Yankee forces led by Col. Chamberlain • 75,000 Confederate forces led by James Longstreet • Chamberlain orders bayonet charge

29. Battle of Gettysburg • Day 3 • Lee orders attack on the middle of the Union lines. • Pickett’s Charge • After Lee believed that the Union forces were out of ammunition. • As the charge took place, the Union forces began firing. • General Meade never ordered a counter attack. • Lee gives up his plan of invading the North. • Stats • 23,000 Union dead or wounded • 28,000 Confederate dead or wounded

30. Battles during Gettysburg? • Grant wins Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi • Last remaining Confederate strong hold along the Mississippi River. • On the same day as Pickett’s Charge, the Confederate army surrendered to Grant. • Confederacy split in two

31. Gettysburg Address • November 19, 1863 at the dedication of the Gettysburg cemetery. • The 2 minute speech changed history. • “Four Score and Seven Years Ago” • Beyond just Gettysburg

32. Northern Beatdown • With loses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the south. • Southerners began holding meeting to try to convince Jefferson Davis to move towards peace. • What does Davis do?

33. Sherman’s March to the Sea • William Tecumseh Sherman becomes commander of the Union military of the Mississippi. • Total War • Make Southerners “so sick of war that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it”

34. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Sherman moved his forces across Georgia, killed, burned, destroyed everything in sight. • Burned most of the city of Hotlanta • After Atlanta Sherman moves North

35. Election of 1864

36. The South Surrenders • April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrenders his the Confederate forces to U.S. Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse. • As requested by Lincoln, the North was generous to the South

37. Final Stats of the Civil War • Union costs : 2.3 Billion Dollars • Confederate costs: 1 Billion Dollars • Union Soldiers killed: 360,000 • Confederate Soldiers killed: 260,000 • Union Soldiers wounded: 275,000 • Confederate Soldiers wounded: 225,000

38. 13th Amendment • Ratified in 1865 by 27 state, including 8 from the south. • “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in the United States.”

39. Someone Shot Abe • April 14, 1865 – 5 Days after the signing of the ceasefire at Appomattox Courthouse • Lincoln and his wife went to see a play called “My American Cousin” at Ford’s Theatre

40. Someone Shot Abe • John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer and actor, shot Lincoln in the back of the head.

42. Someone Shot Abe • Lincoln was carried across the street to the Petersen House where he died the following morning. • What happened to Booth?