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The United States Declares War

The United States Declares War. Angela Brown Chapter 10 Section 2. German Submarine Warfare. German U-boats – short for unterseeboot or submarine Passenger and merchant ships had no defense. Subs could go undetected nearly anywhere in the ocean. This struck many Americans as uncivilized.

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The United States Declares War

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  1. The United States Declares War Angela Brown Chapter 10 Section 2

  2. German Submarine Warfare German U-boats – short for unterseeboot or submarine Passenger and merchant ships had no defense. Subs could go undetected nearly anywhere in the ocean. This struck many Americans as uncivilized. http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/ images/pho/0005c/0005c03d.jpg

  3. British cut the transatlantic cable connecting Germany and the U.S.. • Result all news came through London = pro-Allied bias • German U-boats sank British passenger liner, Lusitania. • 1200 passengers, 128 Americans and weapons • Passengers had been warned to stay off British ships. http://www.wreckhunter.net/images/lusitania-nyt2.JPG

  4. http://www.jaganaud.de/sunkensteamers/images/lus_5.jpg

  5. Wilson urged patience from Americans, demanded Germany stop submarine warfare and make payments to the victims families. • Germany replied ship carried arms. • After second note from Wilson, Germany agreed to stop sinking passenger ships without warning as long as crew offered no resistance to German search or seizure.

  6. 1916 – U-boat sank the Sussex a French passenger steamship. • The U.S. threatened to cut diplomatic ties. • Sussex pledge – German government again promised that U-boats would warn ships before attacking. • Germany’s broken promises frustrated Wilson who now embraced preparedness and authorized U.S. bankers to grant a huge loan to allies.

  7. Moving Toward War • 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted warfare. • Germany thought they could defeat Great Britain before U.S. could make a difference. • Wilson broke off diplomatic relations with Germany and ask Congress for permission to arm U.S. merchant ships.

  8. http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Zimmermann The Zimmerman Note • Anti-war senator’s attempted filibuster to prevent action. • Filibuster – senators take floor and refuse to stop talking to prevent a vote on a measure • British revealed contents of secret telegram from Arthur Zimmermann, Germany’s foreign minister, to Mexico. http://www.ulm.ccc.de/old/chaos-seminar/ krypto2/zimmermann-telegramm.jpg

  9. Promised Mexico Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona for alliance. • Mexico and Wilson did not take it seriously but it influenced public relations.

  10. Revolution in Russia • 1917 Russia many casualties, malnutrition, miserably equipped, Austria/German forces deep in interior. • Czar Nicholas II, autocratic leader, forced out of power. • Monarchy replaced with republican government. http://www.geektimes.com/michael/site/archive/ 2003/05/images/czar-nicholas-ii-family.jpg

  11. Russian revolution elated pro-war faction. • Americans did not want to be allied to a Czar. • U.S. free to commit to allies.

  12. The War Resolution • 1917 Germany sank U.S. ships City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia. • Wilson’s cabinet voted unanimously for war. • War resolution passed 82-6 in senate. • 373-50 in house • April 6, 1917 signed by President Wilson.

  13. Jeannette Rankin • Jeannette Rankin, Montana, first woman elected to Congress 1916. (1880-1973) • Voted : “ I want to stand by my country, but I cannot vote for war. I vote no.” • Veteran House Member urged her to vote for war. She was represent the womanhood of the country. http://www.peaceisawomansjob.com/images/jeannette_small_01.jpg

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