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How Are Supermarkets Transforming Gender Nexus?

How Are Supermarkets Transforming Gender Nexus?. Stephanie Barrientos University of Manchester s.barrientos@manchester.ac.uk www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/research/researchprogrammes/ workingoutofpoverty /. Overview. Gender & Global Value Chains (GVCs) Consumption Production

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How Are Supermarkets Transforming Gender Nexus?

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  1. How Are Supermarkets Transforming Gender Nexus? Stephanie Barrientos University of Manchester s.barrientos@manchester.ac.uk www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/research/researchprogrammes/ workingoutofpoverty/

  2. Overview • Gender & Global Value Chains (GVCs) • Consumption • Production • Gender GVC Analysis • Social & Economic Upgrading/ Downgrading • Promoting Gender Equity in GVCs

  3. Changing gender dynamics: Consumption & Production • Consumer Node: • Rising Female Employment • Women key consumer group • Producer Node • Opportunities and Challenges

  4. Top Global Retailers (Grocery) 2010 (Financial Times) • Walmart : • Gross Revenue > GNP of 120 countries • China’s 8th largest trading Partner • Global Value Chains: • 60-80% of world trade (OECD/WTO/UNCTAD 2013)

  5. Simplified Global Value Chain & Gender GVC Governance Standards Smallholders/ Labour Labour Labour Labour Civil Society (GUFs/NGOs) Advocacy/Campaigns

  6. Gender Transformation in Global Value Chains • Gendered Division of Labour • Productive vs. Reproductive • Gendered Value Creation, Capture and Distribution • Women’s work ‘commercialised’ (value creation) • Women’s skills critical to quality (value capture) • Women’s skills (socially) under remunerated (economic rents and distribution) • Gendered societal embeddednessof GVCs

  7. Value Capture in GVCs Civil Society Advocacy and Campaigns

  8. Economic and Social Upgrading/Downgrading in GVCs • Source: Bernhardt and Milberg, 2011

  9. Economic and Partial Social Upgrading - Flowers

  10. Mixed outcomes: South Africa Fruit

  11. Cooking fires Economic and social downgrading: Cocoa Drying cocoa beans in the village

  12. Social Governance Private Governance Skills Communities Public Governance? www.capturingthegains.org

  13. Promoting Gender Equity in Global Value Chains • Companies • Supermarkets/retailers • Manufacturers/traders • Civil society • Government • Donors and Multi-lateral organisations • Researchers

  14. www.capturingthegains.orgwww.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/research

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