KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit Step 2: Assess Performance & Opportunities Toolkit 2E: Evaluating School HVAC System

1. KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitStep 2: Assess Performance & OpportunitiesToolkit 2E: Evaluating School HVAC Systems • Step 2 • Assess Performance & Opportunities • Toolkit 2e • Evaluating School HVAC Systems Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit

2. KEEPS Energy Management ToolkitToolkit 2E: Evaluating School HVAC Systems KEEPS Energy Management Toolkit Toolkit 2e Evaluating School HVAC Systems

3. 7-Step Energy Management Process Make the Commitment Assess Performance and Opportunities Set Performance Goals Create an Action Plan Implement the Action Plan Evaluate Progress Recognize Achievements

4. Evaluating School HVAC Systems Overview Importance KEEPS Five-step HVAC Evaluation Process KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Forms KEEPS Energy Assessment Tools KEEPS Assessment Report

5. Why evaluate a school’s HVAC system? Gain knowledge and understanding of HVAC systems and how they impact energy use and performance Identify future upgrades or replacement for poor-performing equipment Make recommendations and present Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs) to district stakeholders

6. A typical K-12 school HVAC system consumes 58% of its energy usage

7. KEEPS HVAC Evaluation Process Step 1: Identify and Document Equipment and Controls Step 2: Conduct a Visual Inspection of all Systems Step 3: Review Operations and Maintenance Programs Step 4: Evaluate HVAC Controls Step 5: Identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs)

8. Recommended Tools • Assortment of Screwdrivers • Flat-head (slotted) and crossed (Phillips) • Various sizes • Flashlight • Digital Camera • Helpful and highly recommended

9. Step 1: Identify and Document Equipment and Controls Review all HVAC equipment Gather information on equipment including identification, ratings, fuel type and age Sources include: • Facility staff and school personnel • Rating plates • Building drawings and specifications

10. KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - Equipment

11. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 1

12. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 2

13. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 3

14. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 4

15. Step 2: Conduct a Visual Inspection of All Systems See first-hand the condition of the HVAC Equipment Get a general observation and feel for the condition of the HVAC Systems. Perform the Step 2 visual inspection during the Step 1 identification process.

16. Observe the Overall Appearance of the Equipment Motors and Belts (Noisy, Squeal) Dampers (Linkage Connected, Lubricated) Filters and Fans (Dirty) Bearings (Noisy) Duct Connections (Air Leakage) Condenser and Evaporator Coils (Dirty) Burners (Dirty) Insulation (Missing or Damaged) Piping and Valves (Leaking)

17. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 5

18. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 6

19. HVAC Systems Assessment Form 7

20. Step 3: Review Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Programs Verify if maintenance and repairs are performed on a regular basis Confirm what type of record-keeping is maintained Verify if any labeling is performed to facilitate O&M Verify if personnel are properly trained

21. Review Current O&M Programs Does a preventative maintenance program exist? Are any predictive maintenance activities performed? Are any informal records available pertaining to repairs and maintenance?

22. Are HVAC Systems and Components Labeled?

23. O&M Training • Are training needs being addressed? • Is there any specialized equipment that requires staff training? • Have other personnel received training (i.e. teachers trained on programming thermostats)? 23

24. KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems – O&M

25. O&M Form Section 1:Preventative Maintenance

26. O&M Form Section 2:Predictive Maintenance

27. O&M Form Sections 3 through 6:Record Keeping, Labeling, Training, Reactive vs. Proactive

28. Step 4: Evaluate HVAC Controls • Understand what degree of Building Automation System (BAS) controls are in place to reduce energy consumption • Review current HVAC temperature adjustment settings and policies • Review other HVAC controls that may be used to control energy consumption • Determine commissioning needs 28

29. KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - Controls

30. Controls Form Section 1:Building Automation System

31. Controls Form Section 2:Temperature Adjustments

32. Controls Form Sections 3 and 4:Miscellaneous Controls Items and Commissioning

33. Step 5: Identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs) Use information gathered from steps 1 through 4 to determine potential Energy Management Opportunities for HVAC systems and controls

34. HVAC Systems EMOs EMO 1: HVAC replacement, upgrade, modifications and/or additions EMO 2: O&M program enhancements EMO 3: HVAC controls installation and implementation EMO 4: Commissioning, retro-commissioning, re-commissioning

35. EMO 1: HVAC Considerations Replacement of the HVAC systems Upgrade or refurbishment of the systems

36. EMO 1: HVAC Replacement Considerations Age of Equipment. Is it more than 15 years old or greater than the median age on the ASHRAE Life Expectancy Table? Condition of Equipment. How good or bad did it look during the visual inspection? Efficiency Recommendations. Does the equipment meet ASHRAE Recommended Efficiency ratings?

37. ASHRAE Life Expectancy Table Source: Limited Condition Survey and Usability/Reuse Study, page 34. University of Connecticut Greater Hartford Campus. September 10, 2003.

38. ASHRAE HVAC Minimum Efficiency Ratings Review equipment efficiency with ASHRAE HVAC Minimum Efficiency Ratings for Zone 4 K-12 Schools Source: ASHRAE 30% Advance Energy Design Guide for K-12 School Buildings, page 938. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers . September 2010.

39. ASHRAE Ratings: Water-source Heat Pump

40. EMO 1: HVAC Upgrade/Refurbishment Considerations Age of Equipment. Is it more than 8 years old, but less than 15? Condition of Equipment. How good or bad did it look during the visual inspection? Efficiency Recommendations. If there are no existing economizers, and heat recovery and installation looks physically possible, consider upgrading with economizers.

41. KEEPS Report Input Locate “HVAC & Controls” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and describe the school’s existing HVAC system. List HVAC energy management opportunities and recommendations.

42. EMO 2: O&M Program Enhancements Review the information recorded on the KEEPS On-site Energy Assessment Form for HVAC Systems - O&M. Use observations made during the visual inspection to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of current O&M programs. Provide recommendations based on the extent and effectiveness of O&M activities observed.

43. O&M Opportunities:Preventative Maintenance Recommend a preventative maintenance program if none exists. If not practical, then at a minimum, establish a system for tracking maintenance and repairs.

44. O&M Opportunities:Predictive Maintenance Evaluate benefits of a predictive maintenance program. • Infrared analysis • Oil analysis • Ultrasonic analysis • Vibration analysis

45. O&M Opportunities: Record Keeping

46. O&M Opportunities: Labeling Recommend the labeling of equipment, services, piping, valves and other equipment. Labeling is an inexpensive and effective method for helping personnel properly operate and maintain equipment.

47. O&M Opportunities: Training Operation and maintenance of existing equipment Specialized equipment Energy reduction policies and procedures (teachers and staff) Use of programmable thermostats (teachers and staff)

48. O&M Opportunities:Reactive vs. Proactive

49. Operations & Maintenance Benefits Energy savings Extension of equipment life Enhanced internal air quality Elimination of contaminant sources Increased occupant comfort Improved reliability Avoidance of classroom disruptions Maintenance staff empowerment

50. KEEPS Report Input Locate “Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Program” in the KEEPS Assessment Report and modify respective figures and other necessary words/sentences for your specific school. Describe O&M energy management opportunities and recommendations.