AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50

1. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 HINDUSIM is considered the world’s oldest religion. BUDDHISM traces it’s roots to Hinduism. • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Describe the spread of Indo-Europeans and their language. • Identify the Hittite empire and the effects of its technology on other societies. • Summarize the Aryan invasion of India and the culture that arose as a result. • Describe the origins, beliefs, and practices of Hinduism and Buddhism. • AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 3, Section 3 in textbook ! • Study for QUIZ over Sections 1 - 2 • REMINDER:ABSENT YESTERDAY? You need to be in TUTORIALS to take the TEST • by tomorrow morning – see me for a pass to enter the building! • CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday, Sept. 6 when you get back from holiday!

4. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 A Minoan mosaic • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Describe the Minoan civilization. • Identify the contributions of the Phoenicians • Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade. • AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • Pop Quiz! • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 3, Section 4 in textbook ! • Complete the reading guide questions in packet p. 6 – 7 • CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday • REMINDER:ABSENT WEDNESDAY? You need to make-up the TEST ASAP!!!!!!!

5. WHEN FINISHED WITH QUIZ, Put it in the top tray on desk, • Return to seat and COMPLETE p. 4 – 5 in your packet! • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 3, Section 4 in textbook ! • Complete the reading guide questions in packet p. 6 – 7 • CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS I is due Tuesday • REMINDER:ABSENT WEDNESDAY? You need to make-up the TEST ASAP!!!!!!!

6. GREECE Crete The Island of Crete in the time of the ancient Minoans (ancestors of the Greeks?)

8. The Palace of Knossos was first excavated in 1878 A.D. Covering 20,000 sq. meters, this was the palatial center of the Minoan civilization and dates back to 1700 B.C.

9. The most recognizable symbol of Crete's power: the bull. In Knossos' palace there are many depictions of bulls, including in the sport of bull jumping. The most famous example of the bull being used is the Minotaur, a powerful half man half bull that devoured the flesh of Athenian men. < The painting on this piece of pottery shows the mythological ending of the Minoans power. Here the hero, Theseus, who was aided by Ariadne, slays the half man half bull creature. Later in time, Athens became the premier power. < A disk with the Minoan Cretan's writing. There were three different types of writing that have been discovered: a hieroglyphic script, Linear A, and Linear B. The writing became necessary for trade and to keep track of built up wealth.

10. GREECE 1. What were three important features of Minoan culture on Crete? Crete Minoan mosaic The beautiful island of Santorina (Thera) today is actually what remains of the volcanic crater that erupted and caused the cataclysmic destruction. • A peaceful people, Sea-faring Traders (Mariners) • Excelled in Art – Mosaics and Frescoes • Would have influence on Greece later • Worshipped female goddesses – women as priestesses • Volcanic eruption / earthquakes ended their • civilization around 1200 B.C.

11. Bas relief depicting Phoenician sea-traders

12. How did the Phoenicians • spread their culture? • TRADE

14. Byblos Bible Bibliography…………. < the great library

16. How did the Phoenicians • spread their culture? • TRADE • 3. Why were trade networks • so important? • CULTURAL DIFFUSION

19. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 230 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 TODAY IN HISTORY: September 6, 1941 Jews over the age of 6 were ordered to begin wearing the yellow Star of David in Germany and it’s occupied areas. JUDAISM • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews. • Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon. • Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon. • AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 4, Section 1 in textbook ! • REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!

20. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) • Reading Guide • The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of • the ____________, later called the Jews. • Find Canaan on the map on page 73. • What nation is found at this location today? Canaan Hebrews

21. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) • Reading Guide • The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of • the ____________, later called the Jews. • Find Canaan on the map on page 73. • What nation is found at this location today? Canaan Hebrews Israel • The history, legends, and moral laws of • the Jews have been a major influence onWestern culture, and began a tradition also shared byChristianity and Islam.

22. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) • Reading Guide • The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of • the ____________, later called the Jews. • Find Canaan on the map on page 73. • What nation is found at this location today? Canaan Hebrews Israel • The history, legends, and moral laws of • the Jews have been a major influence onWestern culture, and began a tradition also shared byChristianity and Islam. • Give two reasons why the location of • Palestine was so important: By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia. Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.

24. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) • Reading Guide • The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of • the ____________, later called the Jews. • Find Canaan on the map on page 73. • What nation is found at this location today? Canaan Hebrews Israel • The history, legends, and moral laws of • the Jews have been a major influence onWestern culture, and began a tradition also shared byChristianity and Islam. • Give two reasons why the location of • Palestine was so important: By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia. Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.

25. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide Bible • 5. According to their sacred literature, the _______, Canaan (Palestine) was the land promised to them by God. • Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______. • (Today ___________also respect these sacred writings • as part of the Old Testament of their Bible.) • 7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both • ·       Some events that really happened, and • ·       Stories told to ______________________(etiological stories) Torah Christians TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy teach important lessons

26. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 8. _________was chosen by God to be the “father” of the Hebrew people and promised to give him land (Canaan). 9. Where did Abraham live? 10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan? 11. When did Abraham’s descendents move again, this time to Egypt? Abraham Ur, in Mesopotamia. Around 2000 B.C. Around 1650 B.C.

27. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 230 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 JUDAISM • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews. • Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon. • Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon. • AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 4, Section 2 -3 in textbook! QUIZ TOMORROW! • REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!

28. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have? Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic? 13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God? 14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other peoples of the time? One Monotheistic (worship of 1 god) Yahweh • a.)     only 1 God, others were polytheistic. • b.)     Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went. • c.)     Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples, • not just them. • d.)     Yahweh was not physical, • could not make any physical images of God

29. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide • 15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a • ________________, which is a mutual promise or contract. • Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place? • 17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them? • 18. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place? covenant Because of a drought / famine in their land They were forced into slavery. The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.

30. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide • When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place? • 19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________ to remember the Exodus from Egypt. • 20. Who led the Hebrews out of slavery • in Egypt? • 21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews • wandered for years • in the Desert. The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C. Passover MOSES forty Sinai

31. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews wandered for forty years in the SinaiDesert. 22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments down from the mountain and delivered them to the people. 23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the Hebrews if they obeyed his laws. 24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74. 1 – 5 are concerned with 6 – 10 deal with the people’s relationship with God. the people’s relationship with one another.

32. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide • After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down? • 26. The Hebrews were organized into when they arrived in Canaan. Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler? • 27 In times of emergency they were united and led by , • one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named   • The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling ’s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ? • The Hebrew prophets emphasized both “right conduct” and “worshipping only one God.” This type of religion is more specifically known as what? • 30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why the Hebrews came to be called and their religion is known as Canaan twelve tribes Self-governing judges Deborah. Hammurabi’s strict laws were softened by expressions of God’s mercy and forgiveness. Hammurabi Ethical Monotheism Jews Judaism

33. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel 32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? What did he build? (Saul, David, and Solomon) David Solomon A great temple This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed a second time by the Romans in 79 A.D.

34. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel 32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? What did he build? (Saul, David, and Solomon) David Solomon A great temple This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Romans.

35. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 34. After Solomon’s death the kingdom divided in two. was in the north and was in the south. 35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a - a peace money paid by weaker powers to a stronger power, to the mighty Assyrian empire. (Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73) 36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell years later to the Babylonians. Israel Judah tribute 722 150 38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors? Taken back to Babylon in exile.

36. CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide 36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell years later to the Babylonians. 722 150 38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors? Taken back to Babylon in exile. • How many years before the Jews in exile were allowed to return to their homeland? • 40. Will the Jews be able to take control of Palestine for good? 50 years Other empires will rise and fall in the future taking control of ancient Palestine as well as the future destiny of the Jewish people.

38. 5 Early History of the Israelites 2000 B.C.–Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan. He founds the Israelite nation. “Israel” = people of God. Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved. Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the “Exodus” ~ receive the 10 Commandments Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land. 1000 B.C.–David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel. Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts. 922 B.C.–Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah. 722 B.C.–Assyrians conquer Israel. 586 B.C.–Babylonians capture Judah – Babylonian Captivity. Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.

39. 5 Teachings on Law and Morality The laws of the Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and food preparation to criminal matters. Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments. Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards of behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism. Examples: • The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak. • All people are equal under God. Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human and bound by God’s law. Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism

40. SYMBOLS The Magen David (or as it is morecommonly known, the Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature. In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works. Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3 interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is thought to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but never as an exclusively Jewish symbol. The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah. The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897, but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. When the modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over whether this symbol should be used on the flag.

41. SHORT ESSAY: Write on back. Name two ways that early Judaism differed from other religions of the time (other than it’s monotheistic tenet). Then explain the meaning of “ethical monotheism.” BONUS: In what year did the United Nations re-establish a nation called Israel?

42. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 230 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 JUDAISM • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Summarize the history and beliefs of the ancient Hebrews. • Describe Israel under Saul, David, and Solomon. • Describe Israel’s destruction and the Hebrew’s exile (captivity) in Babylon. • AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: • ASSIGNMENT for NEXT TIME: • Read Chapter 4, Section 1 in textbook ! Complete pp. 8 – 9 in packet. • REMINDER: TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!

43. Today we examine Egypt’s New Kingdom • Period. The tomb of the New Kingdom • Pharoah named Tutankhamun was • discovered in 1923 by archaeologist • Howard Carter. It was an amazing find! • A tomb full of treasures like Tut’s golden mask seen here. Learn more about this discovery at http://www.nationalgeographic.com/egypt/ ` AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 230 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Identify key events in the history of Egypt’s New Kingdom. • Explain why the Egyptian Empire declined. • Summarize the Kushite conquest of Egypt. • Describe the achievements of the Kushite kingdom of Meroe. • TODAY’s AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: • TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT: • ALL: Read Chapter 4, Sections 2 and 3 in textbook ! QUIZ tomorrow! • REMINDER: CHAPTER 3 – 4 Test is Tuesday!!! • TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!

44. TEXTBOOK pp. 83 - 87 Recalling prior knowledge: Egypt’s Middle Kingdom period ends with the invasion of the Hyksos. The Hyksos occupation & rule: 1640-1570 BCE

45. EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920-2575 BCE • Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes. • Foundation of the capital Memphis. • Early Step Pyramid is built at Saqqara. • OLD KINGDOM - 2660-2180 BCE • The Great Pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) are built at Giza. • Pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare, Raneferef, Neuserre are built at Abusir. • MIDDLE KINGDOM 2180-1550 BCE • Fragmentation of centralized power. • Kings in Thebes establish control over all Egypt. • Chaos leads central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos, • an Asiatic people in the Nile Delta. • Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes. (CH 2 Coverage) • ----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- • NEW KINGDOM 1550-1070 BCE (CH 4 Coverage) • Theban king Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt. • Reigns of such kings as Amenhotep and Thutmose (Thutmosis). Memphis now main residential city. • Ramses II (1290- 1224 BC) divides power in Middle East with the Hittites; Qantir capital of Egypt. • Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region. • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • Future history…. • Alexander the Great of Macedonia / Greece conquers and the Ptolemy dynasty governs; 332 – 30 BC • After the defeat of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemy ruler, the Roman emperors exploit Egypt as the main • production center of wheat, papyrus and textiles for the vast Roman Empire; 30 BC – 394 AD PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

46. Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia, • who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed • as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed • on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real • Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at • the British Museum. A replica is also at the • United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true • Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the • coexistence and peaceful cohabitation of peoples • from different background and culture in one land. • Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of • other people’s beliefs and culture. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 167 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Analyze Assyrian military strength. • Evaluate Assyrian achievements. • Trace the Assyrian Empire’s decline. • Explain the rise and fall of the Persian Empire. • Describe the unique features of the Persian government and its official religion - Zoroastrianism. • TODAY’s AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: Read about “Assyrian Military Power” textbook p. 89 • LECTURE: “The Assyrians and the Persians – Two Different Ways to Rule!” • Video: “The Persians Rule with Tolerance” • TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT: • ALL: Read Chapter 4, Sections 4 in textbook ! • REMINDER:TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!

47. Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia, who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at the British Museum. A replica is also at the United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the coexistence and peaceful living of people from different background and culture in one land. Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of other people’s beliefs and culture. Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia, who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at the British Museum. A replica is also at the United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the coexistence and peaceful living of people from different background and culture in one land. Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of other people’s beliefs and culture. Cyrus the Great 580-529 B.C. “I am Cyrus. King of the world. When I entered Babylon... I did not allow anyone to terrorize the land... I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its sanctuaries to promote their well-being... I put an end to their misfortune.” From The First Charter of the Rights of Nations Cyrus the GreatFounder of The First Persian Empire Inscribed on a clay cylinder in cuneiformdiscovered in 1879 now in The British Museum, London.

50. Shi Huangdi – “First Emperor” of China, brought about the new Qin Dynasty following the collapse of the old Zhou dynasty. He was a cruel tyrant who restored order in China with a harsh laws, taxes, and intolerance toward scholars. His Qin dynasty lasted about 15 years. AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Pre-A.P. World History Mr. Loessin; Room 230 Tutorials: T ~ F; 8:20 ~ 8:50 • TODAY’s OBJECTIVES: • Compare the Chinese ethical systems – • Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism – • that arose in the late Zhou period • and how they addressed the “time of troubles”. • Describe the impact of Shi Huangdi’s Qin Dynasty on Chinese history. • TODAY’s AGENDA: Please begin your warm-up immediately! • WARM-UP: Read History Makers: “Confucius and Laozi” textbook p. 98 • TOMORROW’S ASSIGNMENT: • ALL:STUDY FOR TEST. Chapter 3 – 4 Test is tomorrow! Tutorials begin at 8:20! • REMINDER:TEXTBOOKS are REQUIRED in class EVERY DAY!