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Global Involvements and World War I, 1902-1920

Global Involvements and World War I, 1902-1920. AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Spring 2011. Focus Questions. What goals underlay America’s early-twentieth-century involvements in Asia and Latin America?

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Global Involvements and World War I, 1902-1920

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  1. Global Involvements and World War I, 1902-1920 AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Spring 2011

  2. Focus Questions • What goals underlay America’s early-twentieth-century involvements in Asia and Latin America? • Considering both immediate and long-term factors, why did the United States go to war in 1917? • How did Washington mobilize the nation for war, and what role did U.S. troops play in the war? • What was the war’s economic, political, and social impact on the American home front? • How did the League of Nations begin, and why did the Senate reject U.S. membership in the League?

  3. Defining America’s World Role, 1902-1914

  4. The “Open Door:” Competing for the China Market • John Hay’s “Open Door” Note • China should be open to all countries • Troops sent to put down Boxer Rebellion

  5. The Panama Canal: Hardball Diplomacy • Need to move ships from Atlantic to Pacific during Spanish-American War • French fail • Roosevelt assists Panamanian rebels • Panama Canal built 1906-1914 • U.S. Canal Zone established

  6. p. 665

  7. Roosevelt and Taft Assert U.S. Power in Latin America and Asia • “The Roosevelt Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine • U.S. right to intervene in Western Hemisphere • “speak softly and carry a big stick” • Roosevelt earns Nobel Peace Prize • Russo-Japanese war • Taft and “dollar diplomacy”

  8. Wilson and Latin America • Promised to not seek additional territory • Intervened in Haiti, Dominican Republic • Tried to control events in Mexico • Intervened in Mexican internal conflict • Sent troops under John J. Pershing to go after Pancho Villa

  9. Map 22-1, p. 667

  10. p. 668

  11. War in Europe, 1914-1917

  12. The Coming of War • Secret alliances • Rise of German Empire • Competition for colonies, military power • Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia • War • Allies-Great Britain, Russia, France • Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire

  13. The Perils of Neutrality • Wilson vows to stay neutral • American generally agree • “He kept us out of war” • Germans sink Lusitania • Limits agreed for submarine warfare

  14. p. 670

  15. The United States Enters the War • Unrestricted submarine warfare reinstated • Zimmerman telegram • Declaration of war • April 2, 1917 • U.S. joins Allies

  16. Mobilizing at Home, Fighting in France, 1917-1918

  17. Raising, Training, and Testing an Army • Selective Service Act • Commission on Training and Camp Activities • Turned civilians into soldiers

  18. p. 672

  19. Organizing the Economy for War • War Industries Board • Bernard Baruch • Fuel Administration • Food Administration • Herbert Hoover • “Meatless Monday” • “Wheatless Wednesday”

  20. 22CO, p. 662

  21. With the American Expeditionary Force in France • European armies in disarray • Stuck in trench warfare • Russia under Bolsheviks quits • John J. Pershing leads AEF • 2 million Americans serve in France and Belgium • Second Battle of the Marne • Meuse-Argonne offensive • Aircraft play important role

  22. p. 681

  23. p. 678

  24. p. 675

  25. Turning the Tide • Americans help Allies win war • Meuse-Argonne offensive ends war • Armistice signed November 11, 1918

  26. Map 22-2, p. 677

  27. High Casualty Rates • British Empire 1,000,000 • France 1,700,000 • Germany 2,000,000 • Austro-Hungarian 1,500,000 • Russia 1,700,000 • Italy 460,000 • United States 112,000

  28. Promoting the War and Suppressing Dissent

  29. Advertising the War • Liberty Loans • “Fight of Buy Bonds” • Committee on Public Information • Georg Creel • Propaganda • Emphasizes German atrocities • Warns of spies and saboteurs • Becomes “progressive” war

  30. Wartime Intolerance and Dissent • Anti-German sentiment grows • Ban on German language • “liberty cabbage” • Socialists oppose war • Attacks against radical dissenters • Religious (conscientious) objectors • Organized labor, women’s groups, blacks split in support

  31. "No person, individually or as a teacher, shall, in any private, denominational, parochial or public school teach any subject to any person in any language other than the English language." –Nebraska state law (1919) "If these people are Americans, let them speak our language. If they don't know it, let them learn it. If they don't like it, let them move. . . ." –Nebraska state legislator "No person, individually or as a teacher, shall, in any private, denominational, parochial or public school teach any subject to any person in any language other than the English language." –Nebraska state law (1919) "If these people are Americans, let them speak our language. If they don't know it, let them learn it. If they don't like it, let them move. . . ." –Nebraska state legislator "No person, individually or as a teacher, shall, in any private, denominational, parochial or public school teach any subject to any person in any language other than the English language." –Nebraska state law (1919) "If these people are Americans, let them speak our language. If they don't know it, let them learn it. If they don't like it, let them move. . . ." –Nebraska state legislator

  32. p. 679

  33. p. 682

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