Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century

1. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century

2. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities

3. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins

5. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris)

6. The University of Bologna, which lays claim to being the first university in Europe. (Unlike the University of Paris, another very early university, here the students rather than the teachers ran the school!)

8. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction

9. 7 liberal arts: trivium: grammar, rhetoric & logic quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy & music

10. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students

11. Form letter for an Oxford student requesting money (from a medieval handbook) B. to his venerable master A., greeting. This is to inform you that I am studying at Oxford with the greatest diligence, but the matter of money stands greatly in the way of my promotion, as it is now two months since I spent the last of what you sent me. The city is expensive and makes many demands; I have to rent lodgings, buy necessaries, and provide for many other things which I cannot now specify. Wherefore I respectfully beg your paternity that by the promptings of divine pity you may assist me, so that I may be able to complete what I have well begun.

12. Letter from Medieval Father to his Son, a Student P. of Besançon sends greetings with paternal zeal... I have recently discovered that you live dissolutely and slothfully, preferring license to restraint and play to work and strumming a guitar while the others are at their studies, whence it happens that you have read but one volume of law while your more industrious companions have read several. Wherefore I have decided to exhort you herewith to repent utterly of your dissolute and careless ways, that you may no longer be called a waster and your shame may be turned to good repute.

13. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method

14. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic

15. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109)

16. “Nor do I seek to understand that I may believe, but I believe that I may understand. For this too I believe, that unless I first believe, I shall not understand.” -Anselm of Canterbury fides quaerens intellectum (faith seeking understanding)

17. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Peter Abelard (1079-1142)

18. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals

19. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals A. Rise of the Cistercian Order

20. The spread of the Cistercians from their original sites during the Middle Ages

21. Cistercians at Work

22. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals A. Rise of the Cistercian Order B. Bernard of Clairvaux

23. St. Bernard in a medieval illuminated manuscript

24. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals A. Rise of the Cistercian Order B. Bernard of Clairvaux 1. Mystical Union

25. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals A. Rise of the Cistercian Order B. Bernard of Clairvaux 1. Mystical Union 2. Humanity of Christ and Mary

26. Bernard receiving milk from the breast of the Virgin Mary. The scene is a legend which allegedly took place at Speyer Cathedral in 1146.

27. Learning, Culture & Spiritual Ideals in the Twelfth Century I. New Schools: Cathedral Schools & Rise of Universities A. Origins B. 2 Models (Bologna & Paris) C. Curriculum & Instruction D. Students II. New Tools: The Rise of Scholastic Method A. Dialectic B. Anselm (c.1033-1109) C. Abelard (1079-1142) III. New Rules & New Spiritual Ideals A. Rise of the Cistercian Order B. Bernard of Clairvaux 1. Mystical Union 2. Humanity of Christ and Mary