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The end of classical physics: photons, electrons, atoms

The end of classical physics: photons, electrons, atoms. Last time: Discovery of the electron: Charge quantization photo-electric effect: light behaves as a particle Discovery of the nucleus: Rutherford scattering experiment Today:

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The end of classical physics: photons, electrons, atoms

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  1. The end of classical physics:photons, electrons, atoms Last time: Discovery of the electron: Charge quantization photo-electric effect: light behaves as a particle Discovery of the nucleus: Rutherford scattering experiment Today: Atomic spectra: emission and absorption. Evidence for atomic energy levels Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom Continuous emission: black-body radiation

  2. Phhoto-electric effect: • The energy transfer is all or nothing process in contrast to the classical theory of continuous transfer of energy • eV0 = Kmax = hf –E0

  3. Rutherford’s model • Continuous spectrum • Then the electron FALLS into the nucleus: catastrophe ! • But this doesn’t happen => the catastrophe is in classical physics !

  4. Atomic spectra: emission and absorption • Spectra are discrete • Different atoms have different lines • Absorption and emission spectra are NOT the same

  5. Hydrogen atom: Bohr’s model • Stable orbits, with distinct quantum numbers n= 1,2,3… • Angular momentum is quantized :

  6. Emission and absorption • Balmer found ( by trial and error) :

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