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Kingdom: Protista

Protists. Kingdom: Protista. Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus. Similar to Bacteria. Unicellular One of the first groups of living things on Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.) Microscopic Can cause disease. Can be parasites. Same. Difference from Bacteria.

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Kingdom: Protista

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  1. Protists Kingdom: Protista Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.

  2. Similar to Bacteria • Unicellular • One of the first groups of living things on Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.) • Microscopic • Can cause disease. • Can be parasites Same

  3. Difference from Bacteria • Has a nucleus. • Live in watery environment. • Generally live as individual cells. • Protists vary greatly in appearance and function. Different

  4. 3 Categories • I. Animal-like Protists. • II. Plant-like Protists. • III. Fungus-like Protists.

  5. I. Animal-like Protists • Protozoan means “First Animal”. • Cells contain a nucleus. • Cells lack a cell wall. • They are heterotrophs. • Most can move on their own. Little Animals

  6. 4 Groups of Animal-like Protists • 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz) • 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts) • 3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts) • 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

  7. 1. Sarcodines • Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) • Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. • Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food. • Many have shells. • These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

  8. One type: Amoeba • Most familiar Sarcodine. • Pseudopods: • Blob shaped. • Contractile Vacuoles: controlsamount of water inside • Food Vacuole: where food is digested.

  9. Split Personality • Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary fission). • Amebas can respond to their environment. • They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

  10. 2. Ciliates • Have cilia on the outside of their cells. • Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

  11. Type: Paramecium • Pellicle: tough outer wall. • Slipper shaped • Oral groove: like the mouth • Gullet: holds food. • Food Vacuole: digests food. • Anal Pore: removes wastes • 2 Contractile Vacuoles • 2 Nuclei • Reproduces by either binary fission or conjugation.

  12. 3. Flagellates (Zooflagellates) • Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement. • Many live in animals • Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits. • Mutualism: when both partners benefit.

  13. 4. Sporozoans • All Sporozans are parasites. • They feed on cells and body fluids. • Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). • Pass from one host to another. • Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

  14. II. Plant-like Protists(Algae) • Unicellular and Multicellular • Colonies (groups of unicellular protists) • Can move on their own • Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy (photosynthesis). • 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists! • Pigments: chemicals that produce color

  15. 6 Groups of Plant like Protists • Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz) • Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz) • Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts) • Red Algae • Green Algae • Brown Algae

  16. 1. Euglenoids • Green • Unicellular • Live in fresh water • Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs under certain conditions. • Flagella • Eyespot: sensitive to light. • Chloroplasts • Pellicle

  17. 2. Diatoms • Unicellular • 10,000 living species. • Aquatic • Glass like cell wall • Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

  18. 3. Dinoflagellates • Unicellular • Cell walls are like plates of armor. • Two flagella • Spins when it moves. • Colorful (pigments) • Can glow in the dark. • Causes Red Tide

  19. Red Algae • Multicellular seaweeds • Live in deep ocean waters • Used for ice cream and hair conditioner • Used as food in Asia

  20. Green Algae • Most are unicellular • Some form colonies • Few are multicellular • Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in damp places. • Very closely related to green plants.

  21. Brown Algae • Commonly called seaweed • Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and black pigments. • Attach to rocks • Have air bladders • Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long! • Used as food thickeners

  22. III. Fungus-like Protists • Heterotrophs • Have cell walls. • Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their lives. • Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds • Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism)

  23. Water & Downy Molds • Live in water or moist places. • Tiny threads that look like fuzz. • Attack food crops • Caused the Irish Potato Famine.

  24. Slime Molds Type: • Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies: • The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. • At first they look like ameba, then later they look like mold. • Live on moist shady places. • Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.

  25. Created by Mrs. Scibelli From Bacteria to Plants: Prentice Hall, 2007 Google Images

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