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Early Relationships of Europeans with Indigenous and African Peoples in the Americas

Explore the characteristics of early European interactions with indigenous and African populations in the Americas. Contrasts between North and Latin America, colonial dynamics, caste systems, Baroque art, and cultural traditions like Day of the Dead are examined.

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Early Relationships of Europeans with Indigenous and African Peoples in the Americas

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  1. Focus: What characterized the early relationships of the European to indigenous and African people in the Americas? North America • “Settler” colonies – entire families migrated • Strong local government • Did not generally mix races • Did not enslave native population but enslaved Africans • Marginalized native population to acquire farmland Latin America • Colonies primarily for business and agriculture • Ruled by viceroys/audiencias • Mixing of races common • Enslaved native population and Africans

  2. The early colonial “Americas”

  3. Castas – Latin American Racial Classifications

  4. Baroque Art Baroque (pronounced /bəroʊk/, bə-rohk) is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century. The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.

  5. Our Lady of Guadalupe

  6. Parade of the Virgin de Guadalupe

  7. Portuguese Baroque Architecure-San Francisco in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil

  8. San Francisco – Interior View

  9. Day of the Dead - Mexico • The Day of the Dead (El Día de los Muertos or All Souls' Day) is a holiday celebrated in Mexico and by Latin Americans living in the United States and Canada. The holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died. The celebration occurs on November 1st and 2nd in connection with the Catholic holiday of All Saints' Day which occurs on November 1st and All Souls' Day which occurs on November 2nd. Traditions include building private altars honoring the deceased, using sugar skulls, marigolds, and the favorite foods and beverages of the departed, and visiting graves with these as gifts. • Scholars trace the origins of the modern holiday to indigenous observances dating back thousands of years, and to an Aztecfestival dedicated to a goddess called Mictecacihuatl.

  10. How Syncretic!

  11. Potosi Mines and the Mita

  12. Read through all of the documents and make note of the following things: Source, Opinion, Audience, Purpose, Sequence S - Where does the document come from? O - Is there a possible opinion or bias? A - Who wrote the document? (Hint: occupation, gender, religion, social class, etc.) P - What is the purpose of the document? (Hint: is it a speech, diary entry, government document?) S - Notice the dates. How might the sequence of events or the dates be significant?

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