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Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry. Radiation vs Radioactivity. What is the difference between radiation and radioactivity? Radiation: general term for any type of energy that radiates outward in all directions Radioactivity: occurs with the breakdown (decay) of certain unstable atomic nuclei.

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Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry

  2. Radiation vs Radioactivity What is the difference between radiation and radioactivity? • Radiation: general term for any type of energy that radiates outward in all directions • Radioactivity: occurs with the breakdown (decay) of certain unstable atomic nuclei

  3. Radiation: The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  4. Radioactive Elements • Elements that do not have a stable nucleus. • Give off particles/rays to change their nucleus and become a stable element. • Some lightweight isotopes are radioactive, but all elements that have a atomic number greater than 82 are radioactive.

  5. Periodic Table of Radioactivity

  6. Flash Back: Isotopes • What is an isotope? • Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses • The number of what subatomic particle varies in an isotope? • NEUTRONS!

  7. Writing Isotopes

  8. Radioisotopes • An isotope that has an unstable nucleus. • Gains stability by undergoing radioactive decay.

  9. Radioactive Decay • Spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus. • Results in the emission of large amounts of energy. • Three types: • Alpha • Beta • Gamma

  10. Alpha Decay • Consists of Helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source. • Alpha particles: contain 2 protons and 2 neutrons (just like a Helium atom) • Has a double positive charge (2 protons) • Written as He42 or α

  11. Alpha Decay

  12. Alpha Particle: Nuclear Equation Original Unstable Isotope (Parent) New More Stable Isotope (Daughter) Alpha Particle + BALANCED! JUST LIKE A CHEMICAL EQUATION

  13. Alpha Particle: Nuclear Equation Original Unstable Isotope (Parent) New More Stable Isotope (daughter) Alpha Particle + BALANCED! JUST LIKE A CHEMICAL EQUATION

  14. Beta Decay • Occurs when an electron is emitted from a nucleus. • How is an electron emitted from the nucleus?! • Electron comes from an unstable neutron • Neutron transforms into a proton and an electron • Because of the small mass of the electron, it is emitted and the proton stays in the nucleus

  15. Beta Decay

  16. Beta Decay Equation Unstable Parent Isotope Stable Daughter Isotope Beta Particle

  17. Beta Decay Equation Unstable Parent Isotope Stable Daughter Isotope Beta Particle +

  18. Gamma Decay • Type of electromagnetic wave • There are many different ways protons and neutrons can be arranged in a nucleus • Gamma rays are emitted when an atom undergoes such a change • Gamma rays carry no mass or charge • Most penetrating type of emission

  19. Gamma Decay

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