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How to make and send electrical energy, cheaply?

How to make and send electrical energy, cheaply?. Sources– fossil fuels -wind, solar, geothermal, biofuels , waves, tides -nuclear fission. What is a principal strength of each option? A weakness? An opportunity? A threat? SWOT analysis. Fuel costs-per 10 9 J.

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How to make and send electrical energy, cheaply?

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  1. How to make and send electrical energy, cheaply? Sources– fossil fuels -wind, solar, geothermal, biofuels, waves, tides -nuclear fission. What is a principal strength of each option? A weakness? An opportunity? A threat? SWOT analysis.

  2. Fuel costs-per 109 J Coal $30/ton & 28.1x109J/ton$1.07 Oil $80/bbl &6.12x109J/bbl$13.10 Gas $8/tcf&1.09x109J/tcf$7.83 235U(3.5% of LEU)$3/gram&82.8x109J/gram $0.036 (that’s $3M/ton)

  3. Petroleum • S-energy density, ease of use,local, small • W-fuel cost, other uses (transportation) • O-replace with liquid biofuels • T-imports, shortages

  4. Gas • S-short response, steady supply of fuel, cheap plant, ‘clean’ • W-expensive fuel • O-new gas discoveries • T-other uses, carbon tax

  5. Coal • S-we have lots of cheap fuel • W-but it’s dirty, CO2 • O- clean coal? Sequestration? • T-carbon tax

  6. Nuclear • S-cheap to run • W- expensive to build • O-new designs, “nuclear renaissance” • T-NIMBY, proliferation, waste

  7. Hydro/dams • S-free, dams all built • W-competition for the water • O-none, saturated • T- enviro. concerns, fish, irrigation, navigation

  8. Wind • S-lots of it, known technology • W-intermittent and distant, irregular pricing • O-growing business • T-NIMBY

  9. Solar/PV • S- versatile, small scale • W-daily only, co$t, low DC voltage • O-research, incentives • T-enviro. concerns if large

  10. Solar/thermal • S-it works, timing for A/C • W-daily, regional • O-incentives • T-enviro. concerns if large

  11. Next- How to use our energy more effectively- Conservation, efficiency, insulation Chapter 7

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